Lecture 27-Sarcopenia and Sarcopenia Obesity

Question 1

Muscle mass changes with

Answer 1

Age

Question 2

What is sarcopenia

Answer 2

the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging

Question 3

what are three things that decrease with sarcopenia

Answer 3

-Strength
-Power
-Muscular endurance

Question 4

what happens to the size and length of muscle fibres when you age

Answer 4

they decrease

Question 5

sarcopenia (muscle and fat)

Answer 5

dont have a lot of muscle and not much fat

Question 6

obese (fat and muscle)

Answer 6

have a lot of fat and not muscle

Question 7

what type of muscle fibre is lost a lot with aging

Answer 7

type 2 muscle fibre

Question 8

there is increased resistance to what with aging

Answer 8

resistance to anabolic signals from exercise and protein

Question 9

what happens to energy release during aging

Answer 9

lower free energy released during ATP hydrolysis

Question 10

what happens to mitochondria during aging

Answer 10

decrease in mitochondrial muscle mass

Question 11

what is the % of muscle cross sectional area loss between the 2nd and 7th decade of life

Answer 11

25% loss of muscle cross sectional area

Question 12

hat % of muscle cross sectional area is intramuscular fat

Answer 12

15% of muscle cross sectional area is intramuscular fat

Question 13

what % of loss of muscle strength per annum

Answer 13

2-4% loss of muscle strength per annum

Question 14

what are the effects of decreased strength, power and muscular endurance from sarcopenia

Answer 14

increased difficulty with weight bearing tasks

increased risk of falls and fractures

increased fatiguability

Question 15

what are methods of determining if someone is sarcopenic, obese, normal or sarcopenic obese

Answer 15

using cut offs

Question 16

what is the issue with using BMI alone and trying to determine if someone is sarcopenic/sarcopenic obese

Answer 16

BMI / weight can be very similar due to the redistribution of fat and muscle in elderly

Question 17

what is the SARC-F

Answer 17

Simple screening tool
This is a good way to quickly determine if someone is at risk

Question 18

what was found to be effective at lessening the weight loss induced loss of muscle and hip bone mineral

Answer 18

combined aerobic and resistance exercise, but not aerobic exercise alone effective lessening the weight-loss induced loss of muscle and hip bone mineral

Question 19

in obese sarcopenic patients, weight loss should be combined with what

Answer 19

aerobic and resistance exercise

Question 20

weight loss should be combined with aerobic and resistance exercise to optimally improve what

Answer 20

optimally improve physical function and protect against bone and muscle loss during weight loss therapy in frail obese older adults

Question 21

what is more effective in reversing and possibly slowing the onset of sarcopenia

Answer 21

resistance exercise

Question 22

people with sarcopenia are difficult to identify with what

Answer 22

difficult to identify using clinical measures such as BMI

Question 23

what is worse in people with sarcopenic obesity compared to people with obesity or sarcopenia

Answer 23

physical function is worse

Question 24

older adults respond to and tolerate what exercise, but what is important with this

Answer 24

moderately to intense exercise, slow progression is essential

Question 25

Body weight changes that occured with diet and exercise

Answer 25

10% loss of body weight to just the control exercise group

Question 26

weight loss alone imporved body fat anf function however

Answer 26

They lost 10% of the lean body mass as well of fat

Question 27

Weight loss plus exercise preserved muscle mass and function

Answer 27

They gained lean body mass better outcome