Lecture 8 Flashcards
Drug Abuse
Excessive Administration of a drug that could result in addiction and could be detrimental to the individuals health, medical, social, or legal patterns of society
Substance Misuse
improper use of drugs or other chemical substances that have been prescribed or bought OTC for use
Substance Abuse
socially unacceptable use of drugs or other chemicals for a non-therapeutic purpose
Habituation
a pattern of repeated substance use, where a person feels better when using them than when not using them
Addiction
the loss of control over the use of a chemical substance, with a strong compulsion to get it and use it
Tolerance
A decreased affect from repeated use of a substance
Five Schedules for Controlled Substances
Schedule 1: High potential for abuse (Heroin)
Schedule 2: High potential for abuse (Morphine)
Schedule 3: Lower abuse potential (Tylenol w/ codeine)
Schedule 4: Even Lower potential for abuse (Ativan)
Schedule 5: Very Low potential for abuse (Robitussin)
Phases of Evaluation of Drugs
Phase 1: Drug is evaluated in normal, healthy volunteers
Phase 2: Normal subjects and few subjects with disease the meds treat
Phase 3: Broad clinical trial, most pts have the disease that med treats
Phase 4: Post-market surveillance
Agonist
produces a predictable response at the intended site of action (Morphine)
Antagonist
drugs that block the action of another drug (Narcan)
Adverse drug reaction
unintentional, unexpected reaction to the medication
Toxic Effect
Medication accumulates in the blood b/c of impaired metabolism or excretion after prolonged use of meds
Idiosyncratic
unexplained response to meds from individual’s unique hypersensitivity
Teratogenic
causes congenital defects in infants whose mothers took the drug in pregnancy
Synergistic
when one drug increases the reaction of another drug
Antagonistic
when one drug diminishes the action of another drug
Half-Life
the amount of time required for the elimination process to reduce the plasma concentration of the medication by 50%
Peak
the time it takes for the drug to reach the highest plasma level
Trough
minimum blood serum concentration of drug reached just before next scheduled dose
Onset
the time it takes after a drug is given for it to produce a response
Factors that Effect Pt Response to Drugs
Age, Weight, Gender, Ethnicity, Physical Condition, Psychological Status, Environmental temperature, Amount of food in stomach, Route of administration
