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BIOL 3450 > Lecture 7a > Flashcards

Lecture 7a Flashcards

1
Q

Standing Waters: Concepts (Lake)

A

Is a large or considerable body of standing water either salt of fresh water surrounded by land

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2
Q

Standing Waters: Concepts (Shallow Lake)

A

Is a large body of water easily mixed to the bottom by casual winds

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3
Q

Standing Waters: Concepts (Pond)

A

Is a small and shallow body of water where light penetrates to the bottom

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4
Q

Standing Waters: Concepts (wetland (mire))

A

Is a body of water where vegetation protrudes from water surface (water table at/near land surface)

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5
Q

Standing Waters: Concepts (What encompasses a Wetland (4))

A
  1. Bog
  2. Fen
  3. Marsh
  4. Swamp
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6
Q

What is a Bog:

A

A peatland with acidic peat (un-decomposed organic matter) and nutrient poor (ombrotrophic: rainwater)

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7
Q

What is a Fen?

A

Is a peatland that is neutral/alkaline fed by nutrient poor mineral-rich surface or ground water +/- tall plants (trees)

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8
Q

What is a Marsh?

A

Is a nutrient rich wetland with emergents (no trees)

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9
Q

What is a Swamp?

A

Is a waterlogged wetland with conifers/deciduous

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10
Q

11 Categories of Lakes:

A
  1. Tectonic activities
  2. Volcanic activities
  3. Landslides
  4. Glacial, nival activities, permafrost and ice
  5. Karstic events and solution
  6. Fluvial lakes, lakes in floodplains and deltaic areas
  7. Costal Lakes
  8. Deflation Lakes
  9. Plant accumulations and animale (raised peat bogs, beavers)
  10. Artifical lakes
  11. Meteoric impacts
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11
Q
  1. Tectonic Activity Lakes
A
  • Graben Lake
  • Rift Lake
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12
Q
  1. Volcanic Activity Lakes:
A

Flooded crater Lakes

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13
Q
  1. Landslide Lakes:
A

In between mountain ranges

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14
Q
  1. Glacial, Nival (snow), Ice, and Permafrost Lakes:
A
  • Alpine Lake Basins
  • Morains as Dams
  • Proglacial Lake
  • Fluvioglacial Plain Lakes
  • Plonge Pool Lake
  • Glacier Scour Lake
  • Patterned Ground Lake
  • Great Lake Formation
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15
Q
  1. Karstic events and solution
A

Sinkhole Lakes (temperate and tropical)

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16
Q
  1. Fluvial lakes, lakes in floodplains and deltaic areas
A

Fluvial Lakes

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17
Q
  1. Coastal Lakes
A

Lakes near the shoreline of the ocean

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18
Q
  1. Deflation Lakes
A
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19
Q
  1. Plant Accumulation and Animal Lakes
A

Lakes made by animals like beavers after putting in dams in rivers/creeks
Leads to a large accumulation of biodiversity in the lake

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20
Q
  1. Artificial Lakes and Reservoirs
A
  • Drinking water
  • Irrigation
  • Retention
  • Mills
  • Fish ponds
  • Strip Mining
  • Defense and war
  • Fire/Ice/Farm ponds
  • Hydroelectiric Power Reservoirs
  • Recreation
  • Purification
21
Q
  1. Meteoric Impact Lakes
A

Formed where large meteors hit the Earth’s surface and formed a basin

22
Q

Lake Have Vertical Structure due to:

A
  • Stratification
  • Thermal Stratification
  • Lake Mixing
23
Q

What is Stratification?

A

Structuring of water body into layers due to physical, chemical, biological inputs and processes

24
Q

What is Thermal Stratification?

A

Varies by latitude and climate due to different thermal inputs including wind feilds

25
Q

What is Lake Mixing?

A

Is caused by energy inputs in a balance between buoyancy and inertia. There are seasonal mixing patterns caused by a variety of energy inputs

26
Q

Lake Structure (1. Morphometry)

A

Basin shape (irregular, dendritic, rounded to DL)

27
Q

Lake Structure (2. Hydrology)

A

Retention time goes to chemical properties

28
Q

Lake Structure (3. Light)

A

Compensation depth
1. Littoral
2. Limnetic zones
3. Profoundal zones

29
Q

Lake Structure (4. Heat)

A

Stratification vs. mixing leads to biology/chemistry
1. Epilimnion
2. Metalimnion
3. Hypolimnion

30
Q

Lake Structure (5. Turbulence)

A

Lake mixing, sediment stability/mobility in littoral

31
Q

What can Lead to Stratification?

A

Thermal inputs and lack of mixing

32
Q

What Does Stratification Indicate?

A

The presence of layer of different density conditions. The less dense water has higher buoyancy and floats on more dense water

33
Q

What Determines if Different Densities Arise? (stratification)

A

This is due to temperature and also chemistry

34
Q

When does Mixing Occur During Stratification

A

When mixing overwhelms the buoyancy

35
Q

7 Mixing Patterns in Lakes:

A
  1. Diel/episodic
  2. Dimictic
  3. Monomictic
  4. Amictic
  5. Polymictic
  6. Holomictic
  7. Meromictic
36
Q

Stratification/Mixing Patterns (1. Diel/episodic)

A

Diurnal mixing

37
Q

Stratification/Mixing Patterns (2. Dimictic)

A

(2/yr) Spring and fall mixing

38
Q

Stratification/Mixing Patterns (3. Monomictic)

A

(1/yr) Fall mixing

39
Q

Stratification/Mixing Patterns (4. Amictic)

A

(0/yr) No Mixing

40
Q

Stratification/Mixing Patterns (5. Polymictic)

A

(>2/yr) Small, shallow lakes

41
Q

Stratification/Mixing Patterns (6. Holomictic)

A

Entire lake mixes

42
Q

Stratification/Mixing Patterns (7. Meromictic)

A

Deep layer of non-mixing water

43
Q

Lake Structure - Mixing (Energy Inputs)

A
  • Solar
  • Wind stress
  • Density Gradients
44
Q

Littoral/Limnetic Zones Receives/Responds Considerable Energy (3)

A
  1. Thermal
  2. Wind
  3. Density Interactions
45
Q

Littoral/Limnetic Zones Receives/Responds Considerable Energy (1. Thermal)

A

Heating, convection, precipitation, evaporation, rivers, groundwater

46
Q

Littoral/Limnetic Zones Receives/Responds Considerable Energy (2. Wind)

A

Creates water, stokes drift, seiches, horizontal mixing, Langmuir cells

47
Q

Littoral/Limnetic Zones Receives/Responds Considerable Energy (3. Density Interactions)

A
  • Stratification, instabilities, pumping, cooling, rivers
  • Morphometry is also important
48
Q
A

BIOL 3450 (13 decks)

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