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BIOL 3450 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Changes When transitioning to a Floodplain River (5)

A
  1. Depth/Width Increase
  2. Turbidity Increases then decreases
  3. Plants: submeg to emg
  4. Formation of swamps
  5. More Planktonic communities
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2
Q

River Continuum Concept (Upstream)

A
  • CPOM
  • Shredders
  • Riverine
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3
Q

River Continuum Concept (Downstream)

A
  • FPOM
  • Collectors
  • Lacustrine
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4
Q

River Continuum Concept (transition from upstream to downstream)

A

CPOM to FPOM
Shredders to Collectors
Riverine to Lacustrine
This assumes equilibrium conditions

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5
Q

Flood Stage (Hydrograph)

A

Environmental flows to flooding of floodplain (swamp, marsh, wet grassland or forest)

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6
Q

Depositional River

A

Sorted sediments leads to heterogeneity of habitats to high biodiversity

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7
Q

What is Avulosion

A

Rapid abandonment of a river channel to the formation of a new channel and potential flooding

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8
Q

Floodplain and Wetlands (Connectivity - what is it)

A

The way different systems feed into water systems or the outer area or in and out of the two

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9
Q

Floodplain and Wetland (Connectivity - all the different ones)

A
  • Hyporheic
  • Floodplain
  • Wetlands
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10
Q

What is the Hyporheic Connectivity

A

River to and from groundwater

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11
Q

What is the Floodplain Connectivity

A

River to and from the soil (ephemeral)

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12
Q

What is Wetlands Connectivity

A

Surface water to and from soil
These are area where water covers/close to the soil surface for part/all year with aquatic plants

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13
Q

Biochemical Processes in Floodplains

A
  • Increase in residence time
  • Change in Redox potential
  • Increased microbes
  • Increased plant diversity
  • N cycling leads to denitrification
  • P cycling
  • Biodiversity and Abundance
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14
Q

Ecosystem Services of Floodplains (7)

A
  1. Sources of food and freshwater
  2. Regulating climate
  3. Recharging groundwater
  4. Ameliorating pollution
  5. Providing erosion control
  6. Reducing impacts of storms and floods
  7. Providing spiritual, recreation, aesthetic, and education
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15
Q

What sources of Food and Nutrients do Floodplains provide (3)?

A
  1. Fiber and fuel
  2. Raw materials for biochemical and industrial uses
  3. Genetic material related to crop plants
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16
Q

What is a Marsh?

A
  • Relatively shallow
  • Herbaceous
  • Flooded wetland mineral soils
  • Frequent or continuously flooded
17
Q

What is a Bog?

A
  • Acidic soils
  • low-lying areas (kettle holes)
  • Where OM accum. > decay
  • Contain mosses and other aquatics
18
Q

What is a Swamp?

A
  • Relatively deep wetland
  • Woody + herbaceous + stagnant
  • Peaty soils (OM)
  • Anaerobic (peat = acidic)
19
Q

Swamp Production:

A
  1. Grazing decreases
  2. Transport
  3. Detritivores
  4. Fires
  5. Microbial loss
  6. Retained as peat
20
Q

Swamp Chemistry:

A
  1. Extremely hypo/anoxic (decreases composition)
  2. Waterlogged soils leads to reducing (increased free electrons and low Redox Potential)
21
Q

Swap Components:

A

Trees, floating mats, sedges, rushes, grass vs. Restionaceae (SH)

22
Q

Features of Emergents in Swamps (How Can They Survive Flooding)

A
  • Air to roots
  • Aerial roots
  • Xeromorphic leaves
23
Q

Ecology of Aquatic Plants

A
  1. Microhabitats
  2. Spawning, egg laying, and nursery sites
  3. Cover from predators
  4. Source of labile organic matter (DOM)
  5. Entangle organic matter
  6. Stabilize and accumulate fine sediments (diversity increases which leads to lower velocity)
  7. Remove NO3 and PO4 via uptake
  8. Community remove NO3 via denitrification and anammox in deoxygenated soft sediments
24
Q

Ecology of Arctic Aquatic Plants

A
  • Filamentous/thalloid algae (reds/Nostoc)
  • Few plants
25
Q

Ecology of Temperate Aquatic Plants

A
  • Lots of vascular (submergents)
  • Algae and mosses
26
Q

Ecology of Tropical Aquatic Plants

A

Diverse vascular (Podostemonads)

27
Q

Characteristics of Submerged Plants

A
  1. Strap-shaped, dissected/lobed, and thin leaves (without hairs) with chloroplasts in the epidermis
  2. Reduced/absent cuticle
  3. Absent/Non-functional stomata
  4. Absorb CO2 or HCO3 (certain algae and plants) through the epidermis
  5. Lacunae or large air spaces
  6. May exhibit heterophylly (different leaves under/on/above)
  7. Fibers/woody tissue absent
  8. Reduced root system
  9. Heavy reliance on vegetative reproduction via stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and turions (winter buds)
28
Q

Photosynthesis in Aquatic Plants

A

Carbon Limitation: DIC source, pH, transport

29
Q

Photosynthesis and DIC Flux

A

Mass transfer limitation occurs at low U and depends on the concentration of DIC

30
Q

Flux Equation:

A

J = U x C

31
Q

Natural vs. Channelized Floodplain River Results in:

A
  1. Uniform, straight, deepened embanked channels
  2. Dry and flattened flooplains
  3. Loss of spatial heterogeneity leads to
  4. Loss of habitats
32
Q

Advantages of Chanalization

A
  • Irrigation
  • Flood control
  • Transportation
33
Q

Disadvantages of Channelization

A
  • Loss of wetlands
  • Increased erosion
  • Divert flood downstream
34
Q

Disease of Floodplains

A
  • Malaria
  • Mosquito-vectored disease
  • Snail-vectored diseases
35
Q

Controls for Diseases of Floodplains

A

Pesticides, wetland drainage moves to mosquito nets on beds

36
Q

How disease in Wetlands move through population

A

Irrigation projects lead to increased wetlands, which leads to increased snail populations and increased mosquito habitats

BIOL 3450 (13 decks)

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