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First Semester: Principles of Infectious Disease > Lecture 7: Virulence in Bacteria > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Virulence in Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Free living bacteria

A

No importance for animals and disease

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2
Q

Symbionts

A

Living together

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3
Q

Two types of symbionts

A

Obligate - need host

Facultative

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4
Q

Mutualism

A

Both are necessary and relation is positive for both

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5
Q

Commensalism

A

Good for one, no problem for the other (ex. intestinal flora)

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6
Q

Parasitism

A

One takes advantage of the other

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7
Q

Balanced pathogenicity

A

Damage with recovery

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8
Q

Unbalanced pathogenicity

A

High damage/death

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9
Q

Infection

A

Invasion and multiplication of micro-organism, eventually with disease

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10
Q

How do some cells create adhesion

A
  • Flagella

- Pili, fimbria, and fibrillae

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11
Q

What are flagella composed of?

A

flagellin

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12
Q

Where are flagella normally found?

A

gram negative bacteria

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13
Q

Special pili

A

Sex pili

Bacteria conjugation

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14
Q

Extracellular invasion

A
  • Thromboses, local use of nutrients/oxygen

- Immunological reaction: oxygen radicals/enzymes by macrophages and neutrophils

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15
Q

4 virulence factors involved

A
  • Capsule
  • Proteins that circumvent innate immunity
  • Production of extracellular enzymes
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16
Q

Capsule

A
  • Not in all bacteria
  • Polysaccharides (proteins)
  • Protects against phagocytosis and the environment
  • Capsular antigens (K)
17
Q

Exotoxins

A
  • Bacterial metabolites

- Proteins with high molecular weight

18
Q

Type 1 exotoxins

A
  • Bind receptor

- Disturb cell metabolism

19
Q

Type 2 exotoxins

A

-Cell wall damage

20
Q

Type 3 exotoxins

A
  • Intracellular toxins
  • A component goes IC
  • B component binds membrane
21
Q

Endotoxin

A
  • Cell wall components

- Heat stable (LPS)

22
Q

Functions of LPS

A
  • Protects against toxic products

- Acts as an endotoxin

23
Q

Roles of membrane vesicles (7)

A
  1. Pathogenesis
  2. Signaling
  3. Excretion of toxic products
  4. Killing of competitors
  5. Immunomodulation
  6. Excretion of bacterial toxic products
  7. Transformation
24
Q

Composition of biofilms

A

polysaccharides
proteins
nucleic acid

25
Q

Role of lipoproteins (outer membrane)

A

Adhesion

Iron uptake

26
Q

Two main types of vaccines

A
  • Attenuated

- Non-living organisms

27
Q

Two types of Non-living organism vaccines

A
  • DNA

- Based on antigen

28
Q

Three types of vaccines based on antigens

A
  • Toxoid (inactivated exotoxin)
  • Bacterins (inactivated complete bacteria)
  • Subunit vaccines

First Semester: Principles of Infectious Disease (22 decks)

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