Lecture 18: Clinical Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

7 sample types

A
  • Blood
  • Swabs
  • Transudates/Exudates
  • Urine
  • Feces
  • Vomitus
  • Tissues
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2
Q

Venipuncture sites

A
  • Jugular
  • Femoral
  • Cephalic
  • Saphenous
  • Caudal vein
  • Ear veins
  • Wing
  • Cranial vena cava
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3
Q

Blood can be used for

A
  • Culture
  • Serology
  • Molecular diagnostics
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4
Q

Red vacutainer

A

No additive or with clot activator

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5
Q

Red/gray “tiger” vacutainer

A

Clot activator and serum separator

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6
Q

Lavender vacutainer

A

K-EDTA anticoagulant

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7
Q

Green vacutainer

A

Lithium or sodium heparin anticoag

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8
Q

Green/gray “Green tiger” vacutainer

A

Lithium heparin and plasma separator

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9
Q

Light blue vacutainer

A

Sodium citrate anticoagulant

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10
Q

Swabs are used in what areas?

A
  • Ears
  • Wounds
  • Abscesses
  • Conjunctiva
  • Joint
  • Genitourinary areas
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11
Q

Transudates/exudates/misc fluids

A
  • Abscess
  • Peritoneal fluids
  • Thoracic fluids
  • Oral fluids
  • Nasal fluids
  • CSF
  • Joint fluid
  • TTW
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12
Q

Ways to get urine

A
  • Cystocentesis
  • Catheter
  • Free catch
  • Environmental
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13
Q

Ways to get feces

A
  • Fecal loop
  • Fecal swab
  • Environmental
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14
Q

4 types of stains

A
  • Histopathology
  • Romanowsky/Wrights/Giemsa/Diff-Quik
  • Gram stain
  • Acid fast stain
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15
Q

Bacteria requires what two elements in large amounts

A
  • Carbon

- Nitrogen

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16
Q

Peptones provide bacteria with what?

A

Nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron

17
Q

Obligate anaerobes live by

A

Fermentation, anaerobic respiration, photosynthesis, methanogenesis, and chemosynthesis

18
Q

Facultative anaerobes/aerobes

A

Can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation

19
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Non-fermenters, require some O2 but are killed by high concentrations

20
Q

Canophiles

A

Grows best with a CO2 enriched environment

21
Q

Three ways to culture

A
  • Agar
  • Broth
  • Biochemical testing
22
Q

Three types of agar

A
  • Nutrient media
  • Selective media
  • Differential media
23
Q

Two types of broth

A
  • Nutrient broth

- Enrichment broth

24
Q

Two types of biochemical testing

A
  • Enzymes

- Fermentation

25
Q

Three types of basic nutrient media agar

A
  • Tryptocase soy agar
  • Luria Bertani agar
  • Mueller-Hinton agar
26
Q

Three types of enriched nutrient media agar

A
  • Blood agar
  • Chocolate agar
  • Lysed-blood agar
27
Q

Three types of selective media agar and what they select for

A
  • PEA: gram positive
  • SabDex: fungi
  • Antibiotics: resistant organisms
28
Q

MAC agar selects for

A
  • Gram negative

- Lactose fermentation

29
Q

MSA agar selects for

A
  • Gram positive

- Mannitol fermentation

30
Q

4 types of molecular diagnostics

A
  • Nucleic acid multiplex or microarrays
  • MALDI-Toff
  • 16S ribosomal RNA PCR
  • Real-time PCR
31
Q

What is the gold standard for bacterial ID and classification

A

16S ribosomal RNA PCR

32
Q

What uses serology to detect a specific anitgen or antibody

A

ELISA

33
Q

Testing anitibiotic resistance is based on

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration