Lecture 1 - PID Intro Flashcards
Defense against disease?
Immune system
Three causes of infectious disease?
Bacteria, viruses, and parasites
Epidemiology
How disease spread
Bacteria that live in extreme conditions
Extremophiles
Free-living bacteria
No importance for animals or dieases
Non-pathogenic
Doesn’t cause disease
Two categories of pathogenic bacteria
Facultative pathogenic
Obligate pathogenic
Two categories of facultative pathogenic
Endogenic infection
Exogenic infection
Endogenic infection
Comes from bacteria within
Exogenic infection
Comes from an outside source
Balanced pathogenicity
Will recover eventually without treatment
Unbalanced pathogenicity
Will die without treatment
Infection
Invasion and multiplication of a microorganism, eventually with disease
Disease
Creates structural and functional damage
Subclinical
Causing minimal damage - treatment not given
Opportunistic
Causes disease in certain conditions
Septicaemiae/bacteraemia
Travels through blood
Four “quickness” of disease
Hyperacute
Acute
Subacute
Chronic
Facultative pathogen in pigs
E. coli
Carried in intestines
Lack F4 receptors - now trying to breed animals without this so they won’t sick
E. coli in chickens
Carry it in intestines
Won’t get sick until certain conditions (stress, lowered immunity, other diseases)
Staphylococcus aureus in human population
33-33-33
permanent colonized-intermittent colonized-never colonized
Diseases caused by S. aureus
mastitis, skin infection, septicaemiae
Three kingdoms
Bacteria (Prokaryotes), Archae (Prokaryotes), Eukaryotes
5 subcategories in Eukaryotes
Protozoa Plantae Animalia Chromista (Mycology) Fungi (Mycology)
Bacteria vs Eukaryotes
Size
B: less than 5um
E: more than 10um
Bacteria vs Eukaryotes
Membrane-bound organelles
B: absent (uses invaginations of plasma membranes)
E: mitochondria and chloroplasts
Bacteria vs Eukaryotes
Nucleic acid
B: Single circular molecule
E: Chromosomes
Bacteria vs Eukaryotes
Nuclear membrane
B: Absent
E: Present
Bacteria vs Eukaryotes
Replication
B: Binary fission
E: Mitosis
Which was first, bacteria or viruses?
Bacteria - viruses need bacteria to reproduce
What interactions are always structural?
Protein-protein
People who received antibiotics earlier life have different flora and tend to be
more obese
Facultative pathogenic
Only get sick under certain circumstances
Obligate pathogenic
always get it from someone else. May be non-pathogenic from birds, but is spread from birds to bovines which can die within six hours (ex)
