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NeuroEndo Exam 1 > Lecture 7: Superficial Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Superficial Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five layers of the scalp?

A

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose connective tissue

Periosteum/Pericranium

SCALP

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2
Q

What is the most vascularized layer of the scalp?

A
  • Dense* Connective tissue
  • Holds arteries open
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3
Q

What muscle is attached to the aponeurosis of the scalp?

A

Occipitalis Frontalis Muscle

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4
Q

What layer of the scalp can become a potential space for infection?

A

Loose connective tissue

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5
Q

What layers of the scalp form the scalp proper?

A

Skin

Connective tissue (dense)

Aponeurosis

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6
Q

What direction does the neurovasculature of the scalp travel?

A

Inferior to superior

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7
Q

What layer of the scalp must be cut through to cause a gaping wound?

A

Aponeurosis - provides attachment for muscles which can pull back and cause a gaping wound

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8
Q

Where is the parotid gland?

A

Goes from Zygomatic Arch to Inferior Border of Mandible

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9
Q

What are the structures passing through the Parotid gland?

A

Facial Nerve (does not innervate gland)

Retromandibular Vein

External Carotid Artery

Auriculotemporal Nerve (CN V3)

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10
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct dive into?

A

Buccinator Muscle

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11
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Sensory: Auricolotemporal Nerve (branch of CN V3) and Great Auricular Nerve

Parasympathetic: CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

Why would a patient with mumps have pain in the cheek?

A

Parotid gland is swelling but is constricted by tough fascia so it cannot expand

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13
Q

What part of the orbicularis oculi closes the eye tightly?

A

Orbital part

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14
Q

What part of the orbicularis oculi gently closes the ey?

A

Palpebral part

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15
Q

What cranial nerve closes the eye?

What cranial nerve opens the eye?

A

Closes: Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

Opens: Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)

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16
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Pharyngeal Arch 2

Mesoderm

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17
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

What cranial nerve innervates them all?

A
  1. Temporalis Muscle
  2. Masseter Muscle
  3. Medial Pterygoid Muscle
  4. Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Innervated by Cranial Nerve V3

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18
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the muscles of mastication?

A

Pharyngeal Arch 1

Mesoderm

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19
Q

What are the branches of Facial Nerve providing motor innervation?

Ms. of facial expression

A

Posterior Auricular N

Temporal N.

Zygomatic N.

Buccal N.

Mandibular N.

Cervical N.

pA Tiny Zenbra Bit My Cheek

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20
Q

Where does the Facial Nerve enter the skull?

Where does the Facial Nerve exit the skull?

A

Enter: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Exit: Stylomastoid Foramen

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21
Q

What branch of Facial Nerve provides sensory information to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda Tympani

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22
Q

What branch of Facial N. carries parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

Chorda Tympani

23
Q

What branch of Facial Nerve transmits parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater Petrosal Nerve

24
Q

What are some symptoms of Bell’s Palsy?

A

Damage done to ipsilateral side

  • Loss of parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal ducts
    • No tear production
  • Loss of innervation to stapedius muscle
    • No protection from loud noises
  • Loss of taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue
  • Lose parasympathetic innvervation to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
  • Cannot move facial muscles
  • Cannot close eye
  • Loss of general sensory to ear
25
If the Facial Nerve was damaged in the Internal Acoustic, what symptoms would be seen?
Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve
26
If the Facial Nerve was damaged distal to the geniculate ganglion but proximal to the origin of the chorda tympani, what symptoms would we see?
Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve except parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland
27
If the Facial Nerve was damaged right before the branch of the Chorda Tympani, what symptoms would we see?
Loss of all functions of Facial Nerve except parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland and innervation to stapedius muscle ## Footnote *Only will have tear production and protection against loud sounds!*
28
If the Facial Nerve was damaged at the stylomastoid foramen, what symptoms would we see?
Symptoms * Loss of motor function only * Will have tear production, protection against loud sounds, taste to tongue, and salivary production*
29
What is the sensory innervation of the bridge of the nose?
Opthalmic V1
30
What is the sensory innervation of the sides of the nose?
Maxillary V2
31
What is the sensory innervation of the upper eyelid?
Opthalmic V1
32
What is the sensory innervation of the lower eyelid?
Maxillary V2
33
What is the sensory innervation of the cornea?
Opthalmic V1
34
What provides cutaneous sensation to the angle of the mandible?
Cervical plexus
35
What provides motor innervation to the Buccinator M.? What provides sensory innervation?
Motor: Buccal branch of Facial N. CN VII Sensory: Buccal Nerve (branch of CN V3)
36
What are the Ophtlamic Nerve Cutaneous innervation of the face and scalp? What do they innervate
Supraorbital N. - Skin of scalp, forehead & upper eyelid Supratrochlear N. - Skin of scalp, foreahead & upper eyelid Infratrochlear N. - Skin of nose
37
What are the Maxillary Nerve Cutaneous innervation of the face and scalp? What do they innervate?
Infraorbital Nerve - upper lip Zygomaticofacial Nerve - Skin of face Zygomaticotemporal Nerve - Skin of temporal region
38
What are the Mandibular Nerve's branches of cutaneous innervation
Auriculotemporal Nerve - Skin of external ear Buccal Nerve - Skin of cheeks Mental Nerve - Skin of mental region
39
What N. exists the Supraorbital foramen (notch)
Supraorbital N.
40
What N. exists the Supratrochlear foramen
Supratrochlear N.
41
What N. exists the Infraorbital Foramen
Infraorbital N.
42
What N. exists the Mental foramen
Mental N.
43
Where does Herpes Zoster normally lie dormant?
Sensory root ganglia/dorsal root ganglia of trigeminal nerve *Most common in V1*
44
A 50 y/o patient presents with a rash to her forehead and bridge of her nose. She has a history of chicken pox as a child. What nerve has the virus taken the distribution of? Specifically what division?
Trigeminal N V1 (ophthalmic)
45
What is the anastamosis between ICA and ECA on the forehead?
ECA: _Superficial Temporal Artery_ ICA: _Supraorbital Artery_
46
What two arteries anastomose around the medial part of the eyes and nose?
ICA: _Supratrochlear Artery_ ECA: _Angular Artery_ (continuation of Facial Artery)
47
What two arteries anastomose around the lip?
Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries ## Footnote *Both from Facial Artery*
48
What do the Occpital Lymph Nodes drain?
Back of Head
49
What do the Mastoid Lymph Nodes drain?
Posterior lateral sides of the head (posterior to ear)
50
What do the Parotid Lymph Nodes drain?
Forehead, lateral face, eyes
51
What do the Submandibular Lymph Nodes drain?
Top lip and lateral lower lips
52
What do the Submental Lymph Nodes drain?
Central lower lip and Chin
53
What lymph nodes drain into deep cervical?
Partoid Submandibular Submental
54
What lymph nodes drain into superficial cervical?
Occipital Mastoid

NeuroEndo Exam 1 (26 decks)

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