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NeuroEndo Exam 1 > Lecture 13: Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What does the viscerocranium become?

What is its embryological origin?

A

Facial skeleton

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

What does the neurocranium become?

What is its embryological origin?

A

Bones that enclose the brain

Mesenchyme

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3
Q

What bones form from the cartilagenous neurocranium?

A
  1. Occipital Bone
  2. Body of Sphenoid Bone
  3. Ethmoid Bone
  4. Petrous and mastoid parts of Temporal Bone
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4
Q

What bones arise from the membranous neurocranium?

A

Frontal and Parietal Bones

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5
Q

What bone initially begins as part of the viscerocranium and then migrates to become part of neurocranium?

A

Squamous Temporal bone

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6
Q

Male newborn patient presents with a long, narrow, wedge-shaped head.

What is the most likely diagnosis? This most likely results from premature closure of what suture?

A

Scaphocephaly

Sagittal suture

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7
Q

Male infant that has a high, tower-like head may have what disorder? From premature closure of what suture?

A

Brachycephaly

Coronal suture

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8
Q

An infant presenting with a twisted, asymmetric head may have what disorder? Due to premature closure of what suture?

A

Plagiocephaly

Coronal suture

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9
Q

A premature closure of the frontal (metopic) suture may result in what disorder? What bones does this affect?

A

Trigonocephaly

Frontal and Orbital bones

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10
Q

What is the facial primordia?

What makes up the facial primordia?

A

Tissue that surrounds stromodeum (primitive mouth)

  • 2 Maxillary Prominences
  • 2 Mandibular Prominences
  • 1 Frontonasal Prominence
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11
Q

What separates the the facial primordia from the priomordial pharynx?

A

Oropharyngeal Membane

NOTE: wouldn’t be able to make O shape with mouth if membrane doesn’t go away/

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12
Q

In what weeks does facial development occur?

A

Weeks 4-8

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13
Q

What does the frontonasal prominence give rise to?

A

Fontal portion - Forehead

Nasal portion - rostral boundary of stomodeum and nose

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14
Q

What forms the maxillary (MXP) & mandibular (MDP) prominences

A

Splitting of PA1

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15
Q

What does the maxillary prominence form when PA1 splits?

A

Lateral boundaries of stomodeum

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16
Q

What does the Mandibular prominences form when PA1 splits

A

Caudual boundary of stomodeum

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17
Q

How does the mandibular prominece fold?

What can incomplete fusion result in?

A
  1. Oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates
  2. Medial ends of both prominences merge

Incomplete fusion can lead to chin dimple

18
Q

What does the maxillary prominences give rise to?

A

Upper Lip

Maxilla

Secondary Palate

19
Q

What are the first parts of the face to form

A

Lower jaw and lower lips

20
Q

At the end of the 4th week, what forms on the inferolateral parts of the frontal nasal prominence?

A

Nasal placodes

21
Q

What do the edges of the nasal placodes proliferate into.

What is in the middle?

A
  1. Medial nasal prominences (MNP)

Lateral nasal prominences (LNP) - forms alae (sides) of nose

  1. Nasal Pit
22
Q

What seapartes lateral nasal prominence from maxillary prominence?

When do they fuse?

A

Nasolacrimal Groove

Fuses by Week 6

23
Q

What gives rise to the intermaxillary segment?

What does it consist of?

A

Fusion of Medial Nasal Prominence

Premaxillary part of maxilla, primary palate (median palatine process), core of philtrum of upper lip

(but surface of lip is from maxillary prominence)

24
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expression come from?

What do they invade into?

A

2nd Pharyngeal Arch

Invade primordial lips and cheeks to give facial expression muscles

25
Q

What is the direct embryonic origin of the philtrum?

A

Fusion of Median Nasal Prominence

26
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of mastication arise from?

A

1st Pharyngeal Arch

27
Q

How do nasal cavities form?

A

Nasal placodes –> nasal pits –> primordial nasal sacs

28
Q

Another name for the primary and secondary palates

A

Primary palate - Median palatine process (comes from fusion of median nasal prominence)

Secondary palate - Lateral palatine process (comes from maxillary prominence which is lateral)

29
Q

What is the critical period for palatogenesis?

A

End of 6th week —> beginning of 9th week

30
Q

What part of the palate does the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

Primary palate

Fusion of median nasal prominences

31
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the secondary palate?

A

Lateral palatine processes (shelves) from the maxillary prominences

32
Q

What is the incsive fossa a remnant of?

A

Nasopalatine Canal

33
Q

What embryonic structures failed to fuse in cleft lip?

A

Maxillary prominences and median nasal prominences

34
Q

What structures failed to fuse in a cleft palate?

A

Lateral palatine process w/ nasal septum and/or medial palatine process

35
Q

How does the nasal septum form?

A
  1. Downward growth of merged medial nasal prominences
  2. Fuses with lateral palatine processes (from maxillary)
36
Q

How does the anterior ⅔ of the tongue form?

What induces the development?

A
  1. Median lingual swelling appears first
  2. Two lateral lingual swellings develop on either side

Induced by mesenchyme from Pharyngeal Arch 1

37
Q

What are the contributions of Pharngyeal Arches 2,3, and 4 to form the posterior ⅓ of the tongue?

A
  • Ventromedial parts of Pharngyeal Arch 2: Copula
  • Ventromedial parts of Pharngyeal Arch 3 and 4: Hypopharyngeal Eminence

Hypopharyngeal eminence overgrows copula to form posterior ⅓ of tongue

38
Q

What embryological structures do tongue muscles arise from?

A

Myoblasts of occipital myotomes

NOT NEURAL CREST CELLS

39
Q

What is glossoschissis?

A

Bifid tongue (abnormal fusion of lateral lingual swellings)

40
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

Short Frenulum

  • Attachment between tongue and floor of oral cavity is too short and anchors tongue down, limiting movement
    • Problems with breastfeeding and speaking
41
Q

What is macroglossia?

What is it asscoiated with?

A

Large Tongue

Associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann and Down Syndrome

42
Q

What is Microglossia

A

Abnormally small tongue (rare)

NeuroEndo Exam 1 (26 decks)

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