Lecture 10: Oral Cavity and Pharynges

Question 1

Where is the hard and soft palate found?

Answer 1

• Hard Palate: Anterior ⅔ of palate
  
  • Hard and Bony
  • Separates oral cavity from nasal cavity
• Soft Palate: Posterior ⅓ of palate
  
  • Soft and Muscular
  • Helps close off opening to nasopharynx when swallowing

Question 2

What extends inferiorly from posterior part of the soft palate?

Answer 2

Uvula

Question 3

What happens to the soft palate and uvula when swallowing?

Why?

Answer 3

Soft palate and uvula will rise up to close of nasopharynx, closing of air tube

Question 4

Where are the palatine tonsils found?

What do they do?

Answer 4

Location: Between glossopalantine (anterior) and pharyngopalantine (posterior) arches

Function: Detects antigens in food and drink and can stimulate innate immune response if necessary

Question 5

Explain the innervation of the tongue.

Answer 5

Anterior ⅔ of Tongue

• Taste: Chorda Tympani (from CN VII)
• Sensory: Lingual Nerve (from CN V3)

Posterior ⅓ of Tongue

• Taste: Glosspharyngeal (CN IX)
• Sensory: Glosspharyngeal (CN IX)

Motor Function of Tongue

• Hypoglossal (CN XII)
  
  • All tongue muscles except palatoglossus (CN X)

Question 6

What tonsils are found in the posterior surface of the tongue?

Answer 6

Lingual Tonsils

Question 7

What are the three salivary glands?

Answer 7

• Parotid: largest gland
• Submandibular: makes the most saliva
• Sublingual: makes more mucous saliva

Question 8

Parasympathetic axons from what nerve stimulates parotid salivary secretions?

Answer 8

1. Originate from CN IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
2. Tympanic Nerve –> Lesser Petrosal Nerve
3. Synapse at Otic Ganglion
4. Auriculotemporal Nerve to Parotid Gland

Question 9

Parasympathetic axons in what cranial nerve stimulates salivary secretion in the sublingual and submandibular gland?

Answer 9

1. Originate from CN VII (Facial Nerve)
2. Chorda Typmani
3. Synapse at Submandibular Ganglion
4. Lignual Nerve synapses at submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 10

Where do roots of the teeth fit into?

Answer 10

Dental Alveoli

-Sockets within alveolar processes of both maxillae and manidble

Question 11

What forms a gomphosis joint of the teeth?

Answer 11

• Roots
• Dental Alveoli
• Periodontal Ligament

Question 12

Label the Diagram

Answer 12

Question 13

How would you anesthetize all your teeth?

Answer 13

Lower Dentition

• Knock out Inferior Alveolar Nerve (Branch of V3)
• Inject near Pterygomandibular Raphe

Upper Dentition

• Knock out Superior Posterior Alveolar Nerve for posterior teeth (Branch of V2)
• Knock out Infraorbital Nerve for anterior teeth (Branch of V2)

I’m not 100% sure about this so lemme know please

Question 14

Where do the Buccinator Muscle and Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor meet?

Answer 14

Pterygomandibular Raphe

Question 15

What are the pharyngeal constrictors innervated by?

What about stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 15

Pharygneal Constrictors:

• Main: CN X (Vagus) innervates most pharyngeal structures
• Also some from CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

Stylopharyngeus: CN IX only

Question 16

What is the role of the pharynx?

Answer 16

• Body cavity that connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx (anterior) and esophagus (posterior)
  
  • commonly referred to as the throat.
• Helps with process of swallowing

Question 17

What composes Waldeyer’s Lymphatic Ring?

Where does it drain into?

Answer 17

• Composed of palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils
• Drains to Deep Cervical Nodes

Question 18

What nerve can be found deep and lateral to the palatine tonsil?

Answer 18

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 19

What is the function of tensor veli palatini or levator veli palatini? What innervates them?

What happens if the tensor veli palatini or levator veli palatini are paralyzed?

Answer 19

Tensor Veli Palantini

• Tenses soft palate for swallowing
• Acts on Pharyngotympani tube to help depressurize middle ear
• Innervated by CN V3 (Medial Pterygoid Nerve of Mandibular N.)

Levator Veli Palantini

• Elevates soft palate for swallowing
• Acts on Pharyngotympani tube to help depressurize middle ear
• Innvervated by CN X (Laryngeal branch of the Vagus N.)

Paralysis can lead to reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity or pharyngotympanic tube dysnfunction.

Question 20

What are the three stages of swallowing?

Answer 20

• Stage 1 - Voluntary: Bolux compressed against palate and pushed into oropharynx from mouth
  
  • Movements from muscles of tongue and soft palate
• Stage 2 - Involuntary and Rapid: Soft palate is elevated, closing of nasopharynx from oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
  
  • Pharynx receives bolus and larynx is elevated.
• Stage 3 - Involuntary: Pharyngeal constrictors forces bolus down esophagus.

Question 21

What three muscles depress the torus tubarius and open the eustachian tube?

Answer 21

Superior pharyngeal constrictor.

Tensor veli palatini.

Levator veli palatini.