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NeuroEndo Exam 1 > Lecture 1: Triangles of Neck and Larynx (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Triangles of Neck and Larynx (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Investing Fascia

A

Most superficial fascial layer. Surrounds entire neck and encloses SCM, Trapezius M., Parotid & Submandibular Glands

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2
Q

Pretracheal Fascia

A

Located in anterior of neck. Contains infrahyoid M.

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3
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A

Encloses vertebral column and associates muscles (back muscles)

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4
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

Posterior to Pharynx and esophagus. Permits movement of pharynx, larynx and esophagus during swallowing.

Potential space that surrounds all the neck fascia

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5
Q

What are the landmarks in the neck

A

Cercal vertebrae C7

Hyoid bone

Thyroid & cricoid cartilages

Clavicle and sternum

Mandible

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6
Q

Where can you find body of hyoid bone?

A

C3-C4 cerical region

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7
Q

Where does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery take place?

A

Carotid triangle w/in carotid sheath

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8
Q

Where is the cricoid cartilage located?

A

Vertebral Level of C6

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9
Q

Where is the superior end of the trachea?

A

Right below cricoid cartilage, Boundary of C5/C6

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10
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Midline of Neck
  • SCM Muscle
  • Lower border of mandible
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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • SCM Muscle
  • Trapezius Muscle
  • Clavicle
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13
Q

What is another name for the posterior triangle?

A

Lateral Cervical Region

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14
Q

In the posterior triangle, what is the floor covered by?

A

Prevertebral layer of deep fascia

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior triangle?

A

Splenius Capitis Muscle

Levator Scapulae Muscle

Posterior Scalene Muscle

Middle Scalene Muscle

Anterior Scalene Muscle

Inferior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle

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16
Q

What arteries can you find in the posterior triangle?

A

Subclavian Artery - divided by anterior scalene

Part 1: medial to anterior scalene

  • Vertebral Artery
  • Internal Thoracic Artery
  • Thyrocervical Trunk
  1. Inferior Thyroid Artery
    * Ascending Cervical A.
  2. Transverse Cervical Artery
  • Superificial
  • Deep (can be Dorsal Scapular)
  1. Suprascapular Artery

Part 2: behind anterior scalene

  • Costocervical Trunk
    • Deep Cervical Artery
    • Supreme Intercostal Artery

Part 3: lateral to anterior scalene

  • Dorsal Scapular Artery
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17
Q

On which side of the body will you find the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right Side

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18
Q

What does the Transverse Cervical Artery run across of?

A

Runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle

*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk

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19
Q

What does the Suprascapular Artery run across of?

A

Passes inferolaterally across the anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve

*Runs with Suprascapular Nerve (Brachial Plexus)

*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk

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20
Q

What two veins make up the External Jugular Vein?

What muscle is posterior to this vein?

A

Posterior Auricular Vein and Retromandibular Vein

Anterior to the SCM Muscle

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21
Q

What should you be concerned about if you can see the External Jugular Vein?

A

Increased venous pressure due to:

Heart Failure

Obstruction to Superior Vena Cava

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22
Q

What two veins combine at a spot where the lymphatics drain?

What vein does it form?

A

Internal Jugular Vein and Subclavian Vein form Brachiocephalic Vein

  • Right Side: Right Lymphatic Duct*
  • Left Side: Thoracic Duct*
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23
Q

What is important about Subclavian Vein?

A

Can insert central lines

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24
Q

What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus that provide cutaneous sensation?

A
  1. Lesser Occipital Nerve
  2. Greater Auricular Nerve
  3. Transverse Cervical Nerve
  4. Supraclavicular Nerve
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25
Q

What is the point that cutaneous branches of cervical plexus emerge called?

Where do you find it?

A

Erb’s Point or Nerve point of the neck

Found in middle of the posterior SCM

26
Q

Lesser Occipital Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C2, C3
  2. Supplies skin of scalp posterior to auricle
27
Q

Greater Auricular Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C2 and C3
  2. Supplies skin and sheath over parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle and angle of mandible
28
Q

Transverse Cervical Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C2 and C3
  2. Supplies skin of anterior cervical region and crosses the SCM.
29
Q

Supraclavicular Nerve

  1. What is its nerve roots?
  2. What does this nerve supply?
A
  1. C3 and C4
  2. Supplies skin over the clavicle and over the shoulder
30
Q

What nerve is most likely prone to be damaged in the neck?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Doesn’t have much protection and is located in investing layer of fascia

31
Q

What two muscles does the Spinal Accessory Nerve innervate?

A

SCM

Trapezius Muscle

32
Q

What does the Phrenic Nerve innervate?

Where is it located?

A

Innervates Diaphragm: C3, 4, 5 Keeps the Diaphragm Alive

Anterior to Anterior Scalene Muscle

Deep to Cartoid Sheath Structures

33
Q

Where are the roots of the brachial plexus located?

A

Between Anterior and Middle Scalene muscles

34
Q

Where is the ansa cervicalis?

Where is it going to?

A

Superior root is in Carotid Sheath. Other half is on top of sheath

Going to Infrahyoid Muscles

35
Q

What nerve is damaged in torticollis?

What is its symptoms?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve Damage

Head tilts toward damage but face turns away from affected side

36
Q

What are the two triangles found in the posterior triangle?

What muscle devides the two?

A

Occipital Triangle and Subclavian Triangle

Separated by Inferior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle

37
Q

What can be found inside the occipital triangle?

A
  • Part of External Jugular Vein (Above SCM)
  • Cutaneous Branches of Cervical Plexus
  • Spinal Accessory Nerve
  • Trunks of Brachial Plexus
  • Cervical Lymph Node
38
Q

What can be found inside the supraclavicular (omoclavicular) triangle?

A
  • 3rd part of Subclavian Artery
  • Part of Subclavian Vein
  • Suprascapular Artery
  • Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
39
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do?

Which muscles are considered as suprahyoid?

A

Elevate Hyoid and Larynx

  • Mylohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)
  • Geniohyoid (not seen)
40
Q

What do the infrahyoid muscles do?

Which muscles are considered as infrahyoid?

A

Depress Hyoid and Larynx

  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
41
Q

Where does the carotid artery come of from?

A

Left Side: Arch of Aorta

Right Side: Brachiocephalic Trunk

42
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • Superior Thyroid Artery
  • Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
  • Lingual Artery
  • Facial Artery
  • Occipital Artery
  • Posterior Auricular Artery
  • Maxillary Artery (located in the face)
  • Superficial Temporal Artery (located in the face)

Some Antomists Love Freaking Out Poor Med Students!

43
Q

What are the boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle?

A
  • Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Inferior Border of Mandible
44
Q

What is in the Suprahyoid Region of the Submental/Sumbandibular Triangles

A

Mylohyoid M.

Geniohyoid M.

Digastric M.

Submandibular gland

45
Q

What are the contents of the Submandibular Triangle?

A
  • Submandibular Gland
    • Submandibular Lymph Nodes
  • Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
    • On Hyoglossus Muscle
  • Nerve to Mylohyoid Muscle
  • Parts of Facial Artery and Vein

Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.

46
Q

What are the boundaries of the Submental Triangle?

A
  • Midline of Neck
  • Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Body of Hyoid Bone
47
Q

What composes the floor of the Submental Triangle?

A
  • Mylohyoid Muscles
48
Q

What are the contents of the Submental Triangle?

A
  • Submental Lymph Nodes
  • Anterior Jugular Vein
    • from small veins

Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.

49
Q

What are the boundaries of the Muscular Triangle?

A
  • Midlinefrom hyoid to manubrium
  • Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
  • SCM
50
Q

What muscles composes the Muscular Triangle?

A

Infrahyoid Muscles

  • Sternothyroid Muscles
  • Sternohyoid Muscles
  • Thyrohyoid Muscles
51
Q

What are the contents of the Muscular Triangle?

A

Viscera

  • Thyroid gland and Parathyroid glands
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus

Arteries

  • Common Carotid Artery
  • Superior Thyroid Artery
  • Inferior Thyroid Artery

Veins

  • Anterior Jugular Vein
  • Thyroid veins (superior, middle, inferior)

Nerves

  • Ansa Cervicalis
  • External Laryngeal
  • Recurrent Laryngeal
52
Q

What are the boundaries of the Carotid Triangle?

A
  • Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
  • SCM
53
Q

What composes the floor of the Carotid Triangle?

A
  • Thyrohyoid Muscle
  • Hyoglossus Muscle
  • Middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
54
Q

What are the contents of the Carotid Triangle?

A

Carotid Sheath

  • Common and Internal Carotid Arteries
  • Internal Jugular Vein
  • Vagus Nerve
  • Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
  • Carotid Sinus Nerve
  • Sympathetic nerve fibers

Arteries

  • Branches of External Carotid Artery

Nerves

  • Internal and External Laryngeal Nerves
  • Hypoglossal Nerve
  • Spinal Accessory Nerve
  • Ansa Cervicalis
55
Q

What important structures are in the carotid sheath laterally to medially?

What structure do you find on top of it?

A

Carotid Sheath

  • Internal Jugular Vein (anterior and lateral)
  • Vagus Nerve (posterior)
  • Common Carotid Artery (anterior and medial)

Ansa Cervicalis is found on top

56
Q

What innervates the carotid body and sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Vagus Nerver (CN X)

57
Q

What does the carotid body do?

Where is it located?

A

Has chemoreceptors to sense oxygen levels

Located in the middle of the bifurcation of external and internal carotid arteries inside carotid sinus

58
Q

What does the carotid sinus do?

Where is it located?

A

Has baroreceptors to sense blood pressure

Swelling of proximal part of internal carotid artery

59
Q

What does the internal and external braches of the superior laryngeal nerve do?

A

Internal: Sensory to Larynx

External: Motor to cricothyroid

60
Q

What fascia provides an easy route for upper respiratory or oral infections to spread

A

Retropharyngeal Space

NeuroEndo Exam 1 (26 decks)

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