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NeuroEndo Exam 1 > Lecture 1: Triangles of Neck and Larynx (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Triangles of Neck and Larynx (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Investing Fascia

A

Most superficial fascial layer. Surrounds entire neck and encloses SCM, Trapezius M., Parotid & Submandibular Glands

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2
Q

Pretracheal Fascia

A

Located in anterior of neck. Contains infrahyoid M.

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3
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A

Encloses vertebral column and associates muscles (back muscles)

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4
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

Posterior to Pharynx and esophagus. Permits movement of pharynx, larynx and esophagus during swallowing.

Potential space that surrounds all the neck fascia

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5
Q

What are the landmarks in the neck

A

Cercal vertebrae C7

Hyoid bone

Thyroid & cricoid cartilages

Clavicle and sternum

Mandible

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6
Q

Where can you find body of hyoid bone?

A

C3-C4 cerical region

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7
Q

Where does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery take place?

A

Carotid triangle w/in carotid sheath

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8
Q

Where is the cricoid cartilage located?

A

Vertebral Level of C6

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9
Q

Where is the superior end of the trachea?

A

Right below cricoid cartilage, Boundary of C5/C6

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10
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Midline of Neck
  • SCM Muscle
  • Lower border of mandible
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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • SCM Muscle
  • Trapezius Muscle
  • Clavicle
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13
Q

What is another name for the posterior triangle?

A

Lateral Cervical Region

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14
Q

In the posterior triangle, what is the floor covered by?

A

Prevertebral layer of deep fascia

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior triangle?

A

Splenius Capitis Muscle

Levator Scapulae Muscle

Posterior Scalene Muscle

Middle Scalene Muscle

Anterior Scalene Muscle

Inferior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle

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16
Q

What arteries can you find in the posterior triangle?

A

Subclavian Artery - divided by anterior scalene

Part 1: medial to anterior scalene

  • Vertebral Artery
  • Internal Thoracic Artery
  • Thyrocervical Trunk
  1. Inferior Thyroid Artery
    * Ascending Cervical A.
  2. Transverse Cervical Artery
  • Superificial
  • Deep (can be Dorsal Scapular)
  1. Suprascapular Artery

Part 2: behind anterior scalene

  • Costocervical Trunk
    • Deep Cervical Artery
    • Supreme Intercostal Artery

Part 3: lateral to anterior scalene

  • Dorsal Scapular Artery
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17
Q

On which side of the body will you find the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right Side

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18
Q

What does the Transverse Cervical Artery run across of?

A

Runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle

*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk

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19
Q

What does the Suprascapular Artery run across of?

A

Passes inferolaterally across the anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve

*Runs with Suprascapular Nerve (Brachial Plexus)

*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk

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20
Q

What two veins make up the External Jugular Vein?

What muscle is posterior to this vein?

A

Posterior Auricular Vein and Retromandibular Vein

Anterior to the SCM Muscle

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21
Q

What should you be concerned about if you can see the External Jugular Vein?

A

Increased venous pressure due to:

Heart Failure

Obstruction to Superior Vena Cava

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22
Q

What two veins combine at a spot where the lymphatics drain?

What vein does it form?

A

Internal Jugular Vein and Subclavian Vein form Brachiocephalic Vein

  • Right Side: Right Lymphatic Duct*
  • Left Side: Thoracic Duct*
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23
Q

What is important about Subclavian Vein?

A

Can insert central lines

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24
Q

What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus that provide cutaneous sensation?

A
  1. Lesser Occipital Nerve
  2. Greater Auricular Nerve
  3. Transverse Cervical Nerve
  4. Supraclavicular Nerve
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25
What is the point that cutaneous branches of cervical plexus emerge called? Where do you find it?
_Erb's Point_ or Nerve point of the neck Found in middle of the posterior SCM
26
**Lesser Occipital Nerve** 1. What is its nerve roots? 2. What does this nerve supply?
1. C2, C3 2. Supplies skin of scalp posterior to auricle
27
**Greater Auricular Nerve** 1. What is its nerve roots? 2. What does this nerve supply?
1. C2 and C3 2. Supplies skin and sheath over parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle and angle of mandible
28
**Transverse Cervical Nerve** 1. What is its nerve roots? 2. What does this nerve supply?
1. C2 and C3 2. Supplies skin of anterior cervical region and crosses the SCM.
29
**Supraclavicular Nerve** 1. What is its nerve roots? 2. What does this nerve supply?
1. C3 and C4 2. Supplies skin over the clavicle and over the shoulder
30
What nerve is most likely prone to be damaged in the neck?
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI) ## Footnote *Doesn't have much protection and is located in investing layer of fascia*
31
What two muscles does the Spinal Accessory Nerve innervate?
SCM Trapezius Muscle
32
What does the Phrenic Nerve innervate? Where is it located?
Innervates Diaphragm: *C3, 4, 5 Keeps the Diaphragm Alive* Anterior to Anterior Scalene Muscle Deep to Cartoid Sheath Structures
33
Where are the roots of the brachial plexus located?
Between Anterior and Middle Scalene muscles
34
Where is the ansa cervicalis? Where is it going to?
Superior root is in Carotid Sheath. Other half is on top of sheath Going to Infrahyoid Muscles
35
What nerve is damaged in torticollis? What is its symptoms?
Spinal Accessory Nerve Damage Head tilts toward damage but face turns away from affected side
36
What are the two triangles found in the posterior triangle? What muscle devides the two?
Occipital Triangle and Subclavian Triangle Separated by Inferior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
37
What can be found inside the occipital triangle?
* Part of External Jugular Vein (Above SCM) * Cutaneous Branches of Cervical Plexus * Spinal Accessory Nerve * Trunks of Brachial Plexus * Cervical Lymph Node
38
What can be found inside the supraclavicular (omoclavicular) triangle?
* 3rd part of Subclavian Artery * Part of Subclavian Vein * Suprascapular Artery * Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
39
What do the suprahyoid muscles do? Which muscles are considered as suprahyoid?
Elevate Hyoid and Larynx * Mylohyoid * Stylohyoid * Digastric (anterior and posterior bellies) * Geniohyoid (not seen)
40
What do the infrahyoid muscles do? Which muscles are considered as infrahyoid?
Depress Hyoid and Larynx * Sternohyoid * Omohyoid * Sternothyroid * Thyrohyoid
41
Where does the carotid artery come of from?
Left Side: Arch of Aorta Right Side: Brachiocephalic Trunk
42
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
* Superior Thyroid Artery * Ascending Pharyngeal Artery * Lingual Artery * Facial Artery * Occipital Artery * Posterior Auricular Artery * Maxillary Artery (located in the face) * Superficial Temporal Artery (located in the face) ## Footnote *Some Antomists Love Freaking Out Poor Med Students!*
43
What are the boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle?
* Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle * Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle * Inferior Border of Mandible
44
What is in the Suprahyoid Region of the Submental/Sumbandibular Triangles
Mylohyoid M. Geniohyoid M. Digastric M. Submandibular gland
45
What are the contents of the Submandibular Triangle?
* Submandibular Gland * Submandibular Lymph Nodes * Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) * On Hyoglossus Muscle * Nerve to Mylohyoid Muscle * Parts of Facial Artery and Vein ## Footnote *Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.*
46
What are the boundaries of the Submental Triangle?
* Midline of Neck * Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle * Body of Hyoid Bone
47
What composes the floor of the Submental Triangle?
* Mylohyoid Muscles
48
What are the contents of the Submental Triangle?
* Submental Lymph Nodes * Anterior Jugular Vein * from small veins ## Footnote *Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.*
49
What are the boundaries of the Muscular Triangle?
* Midlinefrom hyoid to manubrium * Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle * SCM
50
What muscles composes the Muscular Triangle?
Infrahyoid Muscles * Sternothyroid Muscles * Sternohyoid Muscles * Thyrohyoid Muscles
51
What are the contents of the Muscular Triangle?
**Viscera** * Thyroid gland and Parathyroid glands * Larynx * Trachea * Esophagus **Arteries** * Common Carotid Artery * Superior Thyroid Artery * Inferior Thyroid Artery **Veins** * Anterior Jugular Vein * Thyroid veins (superior, middle, inferior) **Nerves** * Ansa Cervicalis * External Laryngeal * Recurrent Laryngeal
52
What are the boundaries of the Carotid Triangle?
* Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle * Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle * SCM
53
What composes the floor of the Carotid Triangle?
* Thyrohyoid Muscle * Hyoglossus Muscle * Middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
54
What are the contents of the Carotid Triangle?
**Carotid Sheat****h** * Common and Internal Carotid Arteries * Internal Jugular Vein * Vagus Nerve * Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes * Carotid Sinus Nerve * Sympathetic nerve fibers **Arteries** * Branches of External Carotid Artery **Nerves** * Internal and External Laryngeal Nerves * Hypoglossal Nerve * Spinal Accessory Nerve * Ansa Cervicalis
55
What important structures are in the carotid sheath laterally to medially? What structure do you find on top of it?
**Carotid Sheat****h** * Internal Jugular Vein (anterior and lateral) * Vagus Nerve (posterior) * Common Carotid Artery (anterior and medial) Ansa Cervicalis is found on top
56
What innervates the carotid body and sinus?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) Vagus Nerver (CN X)
57
What does the carotid body do? Where is it located?
Has **chemoreceptors** to sense oxygen levels ## Footnote *Located in the middle of the bifurcation of external and internal carotid arteries inside carotid sinus*
58
What does the carotid sinus do? Where is it located?
Has **baroreceptors** to sense blood pressure ## Footnote *Swelling of proximal part of internal carotid artery*
59
What does the internal and external braches of the superior laryngeal nerve do?
Internal: Sensory to Larynx External: Motor to cricothyroid
60
What fascia provides an easy route for upper respiratory or oral infections to spread
Retropharyngeal Space
61

NeuroEndo Exam 1 (26 decks)

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