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BIOL-304-02 > Lecture 7: Strategies Continued - Foraging > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Strategies Continued - Foraging Flashcards

1
Q

Benefits of foraging…

A

-Gain of energy and nutrients
-Feeding offspring

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2
Q

Costs of foraging…

A

-Energy
-Time
-Risk

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3
Q

Grazing is…

A

Resources that renew slowly; wandering; continuous, mostly grasses and forbs

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4
Q

Browsing is…

A

Resources that renew slowly; wandering; sampling—high diversity

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5
Q

Trap-lining is…

A

Resources that renew on short timeline; follows repeated route—efficient, predictable

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6
Q

Central place foraging…

A

Return resources to central location (e.g, hive, nest, colony); resources scattered, variable

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7
Q

Optimal foraging theory…

A

-Natural selection should act to shape foraging behaviors in ways that maximize benefits and minimize costs
-Posits that foraging behavior is subject to natural selection

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8
Q

As a field of study…

A

Use of mathematical optimization to make predictions concerning the expression and evolution of foraging behavior

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9
Q

Animals often employ foraging strategies which minimize the cost…

A

Benefit ratio of foraging

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10
Q

Starlings _______ foraging time

A

Optimize

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11
Q

The marginal value theorem (MVT) Eric Charov — 1976….

A

When resources are distributed among patches and patches of resources differ in resource quality and quantity foragers should only continue foraging in a patch as long as the rate of return remains at or above the average for the landscape

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12
Q

T/F) The MVT predicts forager response to perceived diminishing returns

A

True

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13
Q

T/F) Nectar foragers often conform to the predictions of the marginal value theorem

A

True

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14
Q

T/F) Foraging optimization does have consequences for other species

A

False

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15
Q

T/F) How pollinators visit plants can affect plant reproductive success positively or negatively

A

True

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16
Q

T/F) Plants cannot manipulate how pollinators visit them

A

False

17
Q

T/F) Juveniles forage equally in both halves when the same amount of food is present on both sides and no predators are present

A

True

18
Q

Risk-sensitive foraging ________ food intake against risk

A

Balances

19
Q

T/F) Risk-sensitive foraging cannot have ecosystem-wide impacts

A

False

20
Q

Red imported fire ant: Solenopsis invicta

A

-Predates native species
-Competes with native ant species
-Nuisance to humans and livestock

21
Q

Why are phorid flies effective bio-control agents?

A

-Host specific
-Limit foraging by S. Invicta
-Fewer resources —smaller S. Invicta populations
-Reduces competitive advantages of S. Invicta

22
Q

Niche is…

A

The full set of conditions and resources within which a species can persist

23
Q

Grinnellian niche is…

A

Synonymous with habitat

24
Q

Etonian niche is…

A

The niche of an animal means its place in the biotic environment, its relations to food and enemies

25
Q

Hutchinsonian niche is…

A

N-dimensional hyper-volume (describing the full set of conditions and resources within which a species can persist)

26
Q

Fundamental niche is…

A

The range of physical conditions and resources within which individuals of a species can persist

27
Q

Niche overlap is…

A

Overlap of resource use by different species

28
Q

T/F) Competitors, predators, parasites, or disease may limit how much of an organism’s fundamental niche they occupy

A

True

29
Q

T/F) Mutualists may expand space available

A

True

30
Q

T/F) Species interactions can’t limit or expand niche space

A

False

31
Q

Realized niche is…

A

The range of physical conditions and resources within which individuals of a species can persist in the presence of competitors and consumers

32
Q

Niche partitioning is…

A

The process by which competing species divide access to available resources. This process may be driven by behavioral or physiological differentiation and plays a role in facilitating co-existence

33
Q

Niche modeling/species distribution modeling…

A

Used to predict past, current, or future ranges of organisms

34
Q
A

BIOL-304-02 (10 decks)

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