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BIOL-304-02 > Lecture 2: Abiotic Environment and Biomes > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Abiotic Environment and Biomes Flashcards

1
Q

Contour maps (a.k.a topographical) depict…

A

Elevation

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2
Q

Orographic lift

A

Air rises as it is forced over terrain

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3
Q

Adiabatic cooling

A

Air cools as it rises

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4
Q

T/F) Colder air can’t hold as much water, water precipitates from the air mass

A

True

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5
Q

Adiabatic warming

A

Air warms as it descends

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6
Q

T/F) Warmer air holds more water, accumulates water vapor and moves it away

A

True

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7
Q

Rain shadow

A

Dry area on the leeward side of a mountain range

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8
Q

What are some abiotic factors that underlie all biological processes?

A

-Temperature
-Non-living chemistry (water, salt, nitrogen, etc)
-Light

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9
Q

T/F) The abiotic environment doesn’t set limits for what can live where

A

False

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10
Q

The foundation from which ecosystems can develop

A

The abiotic environment

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11
Q

T/F) Productivity may be higher or lower in sheltered sites, depending on ecosystem processes function

A

True

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12
Q

The basis for soil formation…

A

Inorganic substrate produced by geological processes

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13
Q

Temperature…

A

Heat accelerates chemical reactions

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14
Q

T/F) The rates of most biological processes increase with temperature

A

True

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15
Q

Q10

A

Ratio of the rate of physiological process at one temperature to its rate at a temperature 10 degrees C cooler

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16
Q

T/F) There are no tradeoffs between faster vs. slower metabolic functioning

A

False

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17
Q

Slower Metabolism at lower temperatures…

A

-Slower growth and reproduction
-Smaller adult size
-Lower food requirement

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18
Q

Faster metabolism at higher temperatures …

A

-Faster growth and reproduction
-Larger adult size
-Higher food requirement

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19
Q

Cold water adapted fish can starve if water temperatures rise too much, regardless of food availability because…

A

Metabolic demands exceed maximum consumption rate

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20
Q

Different organisms have different thermal ____

A

Optima

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21
Q

Optimum

A

The most favorable condition, or the greatest amount of degree possible under specific sets of circumstances

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22
Q

Different organisms have different thermal optima which…

A

Effects where they can live, but also have they interact

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23
Q

Lactobacillus

A

-More competitive at low or higher temps (<17 or 28C)
-Makes Lactic acid
-Lactic acid makes sourdough sour yeast

24
Q

Yeast

A

-More competitive at intermediate temps (~17-28C)
-Makes lots of CO2
-Makes bread rise

25
Q

Temperature varies in space and time as a function of…

A

-Latitude
-Elevation
-Time
-Ocean Currents

26
Q

Latitude…

A

Generates spatial and temporal variation in where organisms live, when they are active, and how they interact

27
Q

Higher angle=

A

Smaller area = more concentrated

28
Q

Lower angle=

A

Larger area= less concentrated

29
Q

T/F) Mean annual temperature increases with increasing latitude

A

False

30
Q

Latitude influences on mean annual temperature…

A

The angle at which solar radiation is intercepted by Earth determines the area over which that radiation is spread

31
Q

Latitude influences temperature ____

A

Variability

32
Q

Because of the tilt of Earth’s axis, …

A

The angle at which a given latitude intercepts solar radiation changes during the annual orbit of the sun, except at the solar equator

33
Q

T/F) The effect of temperature variability is more pronounced at higher latitudes

A

True

34
Q

T/F) Annual temperature fluctuation increases with increasing distance from the equator

A

True

35
Q

Examples of temperature variability…

A

-Seasonal temperature variation
-Season inversion across hemispheres

36
Q

T/F) Elevation does not influence mean temperature

A

False

37
Q

Atmospheric pressure decreases with elevation (lower air density)=

A

Air holds less heat

38
Q

As elevation increases…

A

Mean temperature decreases

39
Q

____ temperature fluctuation increases with elevation (also with aridity)

A

Diurnal

40
Q

T/F) Communities at high elevations may closely resemble lower elevation communities at higher latitudes

A

True

41
Q

Thermohaline circulation…

A

Ocean currents influence heat disturbution

42
Q

The distribution of water varies in space and time as a function of…

A

-Topography
-Land masses
-Seasonal cycles
-Global air currents
-Longer term climate cycles (ex, El Niño Southern Oscillation)

43
Q

T/F) Temperature and water largely define geographic variation in terrestrial ecosystems

A

True

44
Q

Gross Primary Production (GPP)…

A

Assimilation of energy (photo or chemosynthesis) by plants or other autotrophs

45
Q

Net Primary Production (NPP)

A

Accumulation of energy by plants or other autotrophs

46
Q

_____ is the basis for food-webs

A

Primary production

47
Q

Plant life form/ growth form…

A

General morphology of plant species, especially with respect to physiological characteristics relating to adaption the physical environment

48
Q

Biome concept…

A

Communities can be categorized based on climate and dominate plant forms

49
Q

Climate refugium…

A

Area buffered from contemporary climate conditions, allowing persistence of species which could not otherwise survive in that area

50
Q

Biome concept modifications for aquatic systems include…

A

-Water depth
-Flow
-Dissolved oxygen
-ETC

51
Q

Water depth affects light penetration…

A

Which affects plant growth

52
Q

Water depth affects temperature…

A

Which affects seasonal cycles

53
Q

11 biome types…

A

1) Tropical rain forest
2) Tropical seasonal forest/ Savannah
3) Woodland/ shrubland
4) Temperature grassland/ desert
5) Boreal forest
6) Subtropical desert
7) Temperate rain forest
8) Temperate seasonal forest
9) Tundra
10) Alpine
11) Polar ice cap

54
Q

Summer stratification and fall turnover…

A

Redistributes oxygen and nutrients

55
Q

FIVE MAIN POINTS

A

1) Abiotic factors underlie all biological processes and set limits on the distribution of life on earth

2) Many factors affect the distribution and variability of water and heat on Earth and these factors interact

3) Primary productivity is the basis for food-webs

4) Mean annual temperature and precipitation largely define global pattern of terrestrial ecosystems (biomes)

5) Aquatic systems are also strangely influenced by water depth and dissolved oxygen

BIOL-304-02 (10 decks)

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