Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL-304-02 > Lecture 4: Evolution > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

_____ was very interested in ecological relationships and how they shaped species evolutionary trajectories

A

Darwin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(H1) Heterospecific pollen transfer _______ reproductive success

A

Reduces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(H1) Longer spurs prevent visitation by moths with short proboscises, resulting in…

A

Reduced heterospecific pollen transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(H2) Predator avoidance drives evolution of long proboscis…

A

Long spurs are selected for because they make pollen transfer more likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

H1 is based on…

A

Interactions between neighboring plant species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

H2 is based on…

A

Outcomes of predator-prey relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What often drives evolution?

A

Species interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who is the “Father of Modern Ecology”?

A

G. Evelyn Hutchinson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is G. Evelyn Hutchinson believe?

A

-Linked biogeochemistry to ecology
-Taught about CO2 driven climate change as early as 1947
-Refined the concept of the niche
-Studied competition, coexistence, and population dynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Evolution is…

A

Change in allele frequencies over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mutation is…

A

A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Speciation is…

A

The process by which populations (evolve to) become distinct species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Selection is…

A

Differential survival and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allele is…

A

One of several forms of the same gene, usually recognized by phenotypic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evolution occurs at the level of the…

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Population…

A

A group of conspecific individuals living in a given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genotype…

A

The set of genes an organism has. Sometimes, genotype refers to the entire genome of an organism and sometimes it refers to the alleles carried at a particular locus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phenotype…

A

The observable traits of an organism

19
Q

Trait…

A

Any heritable characteristic that an organism displays

20
Q

Traits may be __________ or ___________

A

-Qualitative/discrete
-Quantitative/continuous

21
Q

Qualitative/discrete…

A

-Vary categorically
-Discrete distribution of phenotypes

22
Q

Quantitative/continuous…

A

-Vary over a range
-Continuous distribution of phenotypes

23
Q

Mutation…

A

-Introduces variation to genomes
-Most mutations are deleterious
-Random

24
Q

Gene flow…

A

-Introduces variation to populations
-May occur through migration, hybridization, or horizontal gene transfer

25
Q

Genetic drift…

A

-Random loss of genetic variation from a population
-Product of random sampling of individuals
-E.g, population bottlenecks

26
Q

Natural selection…

A

-Differential survival and reproduction
-Non-random
-3 requirements for selection to produce evolutionary change

27
Q

What are the four forces of evolution?

A

-Natural selection
-Mutation
-Gene flow
-Genetic drift

28
Q

Population bottleneck…

A

An event that drastically reduces the size of a population, random loss of genetic (and often phenotypic) diversity from a population

29
Q

What are the 3 requirements for selection to produce evolutionary change?

A

1) There must be phenotypic (trait) variation
2) The variation must be heritable
3) Variation has fitness consequences (differential survival and reproduction)

30
Q

Selection occurs at the level of the ________

A

Individual

31
Q

What are the 3 kinds of selection?

A

-Natural
-Artificial
-Sexual

32
Q

Artificial selection…

A

Human-induced differential reproductive success, e.g, animal or plant breeding

33
Q

Sexual selection…

A

Selection driven by differential mating success, a special case of natural selection

34
Q

Fitness…

A

Lifetime reproductive success

35
Q

T/F) Pollinators can mediate sexual selection in plants

A

True

36
Q

Directional selection…

A

Selection favors an extreme phenotype

37
Q

Stabilizing selection…

A

Selection against phenotypic extremes

38
Q

Directional selection shifts the ____

A

Mean

39
Q

Stabilizing selection ______ variance

A

Reduces

40
Q

Disruptive selection…

A

Selection against intermediate phenotypes

41
Q

Disruptive selection _______ variance

A

Increases

42
Q

What does the peppered moth case study have to do with ecology?

A

-Change to the abiotic environment (surfaces darken)
-Shifting species interaction dynamics (predation pressure changes)
-Results in evolutionary change

43
Q

FIVE MAIN POINTS

A

1) Ecological context shapes evolutionary trajectories
2) Forces of evolution (mutation, gene flow, drift, selection)
3) Requirements for selection (heritable variation with fitness consequences)
4) Selection acts on individual but evolution occurs in populations
5) Understand the three pattern of selection we discussed (directional, stabilizing, disruptive)

BIOL-304-02 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions