lecture 7 respiratory development & structure

Question 1

______ is a tubular outgrowth of the embryonic gut. Each fork is called a primary bronchus

Answer 1

trachea

Question 2

lung lining is derived from _________.

Answer 2

endoderm

Question 3

the respiratory of the nose involves?

Answer 3

• nose
• frontal
• nasal
• vomer
• ethmoid
• maxilla

Question 4

the ________ is the partition between the right and the left pleural sacs and enclosed lungs/

Answer 4

mediastinum

Question 5

the mediastinum contains the structures of the _______ _______ which are not within the pleural sacs.

Answer 5

thoracic cavity

Question 6

the lung structure has a respiratory tree and it includes?

Answer 6

• bronchi
• bronchioles
• pulmonary lobules

Question 7

what is the bronchioles structure?

Answer 7

• no cartilage
• dominated by the smooth muscle
• the diameter can change, and regulates flow to a given region

Question 8

what are the pulmonary lobules?

Answer 8

• the smallest visible compartment of the lungs
• each receives air from a single terminal bronchiole
• each lobule is supplied from the pulmonary artery and vein.
• within one lobule the terminal bronchiole branches into several respiratory bronchioles

Question 9

what is alveoli?

Answer 9

• air filled pockets within the lungs

- where most gas exchange takes place

Question 10

respiratory bronchioles are connected to alveoli along _________.

Answer 10

alveolar ducts

Question 11

alveolar ducts end at _____ _____.

Answer 11

alveolar sacs

Question 12

_____ are highly vascularized.

Answer 12

lungs

Question 13

vessels are from ______.

Answer 13

mesoderm

Question 14

_____ tend to run ventral to branches of bronchial tree.

Answer 14

arteries

Question 15

_____ are more visible in pattern

Answer 15

veins

Question 16

where bronchi and vessels disappear into tissue of lung: called _________

Answer 16

root of the lung

Question 17

there is a difference between the _____ _____ of an organ and the _____ ____.

Answer 17

functional supply, nutritional supply

Question 18

respiratory exchange surfaces receive blood:

Answer 18

from arteries of the pulmonary circuit

Question 19

a capillary network surrounds each alveolus:

Answer 19

as part of the respiratory membrane

Question 20

blood from alveolar capillaries:

Answer 20

• pass through pulmonary venules and veins

- return to the left atrium

Question 21

blood supply to the conducting airways comes from the _____ _____.

Answer 21

bronchial arteries

Question 22

what is the alveoli?

Answer 22

• terminal “grape-like” lobes of respiratory tree.

- microscopic airsacs, thin enough for gas to pass across

Question 23

each alveolus is surrounded by?

Answer 23

capillary plexus
(deoxygenated blood from pulmonary artery, oxygenated blood returned via pulmonary vein)

Question 24

aveolar and capillary membranes:_____ ____

Answer 24

extremely thin

Question 25

lumen of capillaries is?

Answer 25

only one red blood cell wide

Question 26

oxygen binds to hemoglobin in?

Answer 26

regions of high oxygen concentration

Question 27

in gas exchange ____ ____ is released.

Answer 27

carbon dioxide

Question 28

a thin layer of fluid, makes diffusion easier. what would this fluid be?

Answer 28

H2O

Question 29

_________: specialized cells of alveolar lining secrete these chemicals. they reduce surface tension - breaking up the thin membrane that holds H2O together and contracts the surface. prevents collapse of alveoli due to contraction by surface tension of water in alveolus.

Answer 29

surfactants

Question 30

what do alveolar macrophages do?

Answer 30

ingest and destroy microorganisms and other foreign substances.

Question 31

_____ can transport small buts of foreign material and mucous break up.

Answer 31

cilia

Question 32

foreign material can be carried into _____ _____. or you can fought it up or swallow it.

Answer 32

lymphatic system.