Lecture 7 'Personality Disorders' Flashcards
The general definition of personality disorder in the DSM 5 emphasizes the ________ of the pattern and the _______ impairment associated with the traits in question
duration
social
Personality disorders occur when personality traits are _________, _________ and __________ producing either a behavioural impairment or emotional distress
rigid, inflexible and maladaptive
Overall, males or females have higher prevalence rates of personality disorders?
Both equal
What are two classification problems of personality disorder?
> poor reliability when assessors don’t agree
> high comorbidity with other disorders
What are seven sources of diagnostic error when it comes to diagnosing personality disorders?
- personality traits are present in varying degrees in most people
- the diagnostic categories are defined by extremes
- clinician’s own views regarding personality features
- retrospective information
- higher level of interference required
- use of descriptive criteria
- source of information
What are the three P’s in the classification of personality disorder?
Persistent (over time)
Pervasive (across people/situations)
Pathological (clearly abnormal)
The general diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder has to show an enduring pattern of symptoms which is __________ and _______ across a range of situations. The pattern needs to be _______ and of ______ duration
inflexible
pervasive
stable
long-duration
Many symptoms of personality disorder are maladaptive variations of what two social motivations?
> Absence of motivation for affiliation
> Exaggerated motivation for power (and achievement)
Cluster A personality disorders involve which three types of PD’s?
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal
Cluster B personality disorders involve which four types of PD’s?
borderline
antisocial
histrionic
narcissist
What are the three key features of Cluster A personality disorders?
Odd, quirky, eccentric
What are the three key features of Cluster B personality disorders?
Dramatic, emotional or erratic
People with paranoid personality disorder have difficulty ______ others because they tend to interpret what others say/do as _____________
trusting
directed at them
List characteristics of schizoid personality disorder
- Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
List the key characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder
- Pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort, schizophrenia features
List the key characteristic of borderline personality disorder
- Pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self image, affect and impulsivity
List the key characteristic of antisocial personality disorder
- Pervasive pattern of disregard for / violation of rights of others
List the key characteristic of histrionic personality disorder
- pervasive pattern of excessive emotion and attention seeking behaviour
List the key characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder
- pervasive pattern of grandiosity (fantasy or behaviour), need for admiration, and lack of empathy
What are the two features of Cluster C personality disorders?
anxiety, fearfulness
What are the three personality disorders in Cluster C?
Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive Compulsive personality
List the key characteristic of avoidant personality disorder
- Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
List the key characteristic of dependent personality disorder?
- Pervasive pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour (point out own inadequacies so others will look after them)
List the key characteristic of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?
- Pervasive pattern of perfectionism, inflexibility, orderliness, preoccupied with details and rules, extreme devotion to productivity (no leisure)
True or false, both classic twin studies and adoption studies indicate there is genetic contribution for antisocial personality disorder?
true
According to the biological perspective, antisocial personality disorder can be caused by low levels of _________ _______ or a higher ___________?
low cortical arousal
higher fear threshold
What are three social factors which likely cause antisocial personality disorder?
Marital discord and divorce
Modelling of antisocial behaviour
Parental rejection/negativity
What three factors make the study of effective treatment for people with PD’s difficult?
- most people don’t seek treatment (ego-syntonic = does not upset them to have)
- premature termination of treatment
- high co-morbidity
Which personality disorder is the most difficult to treat?
Borderline PD
What therapy is commonly used to treat borderline PD?
Dialectical behaviour therapy
What therapy is commonly used to treat schizotypal PD?
Social skills training
