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PSYC3102 > Lecture 11 'Physical Illness' > Flashcards

Lecture 11 'Physical Illness' Flashcards

1
Q

Apart from medical conditions, what else needs to be coded alongside mental disorders?

A

physical illnesses

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2
Q

What causes disease according to the psychodynamic theory?

A

unconscious conflict

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3
Q

What are the three stages of Stress as a Response Model?

A
  1. Alarm phase
  2. Resistance phase
  3. Exhaustion phase
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4
Q

What are the different models of stress?

A

A response model
A stimulus model
A transaction model

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5
Q

Describe the Stimulus Model of stress?

A

Stress is defined in terms of stimuli/events assumed to influence most people similarly

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6
Q

What are some problems of the Stress as a Stimulus model?

A
  • does not include all stressors (minor, everday)
  • cause or effect?
  • stressor may have occurred outside time frame
  • not everyone responds to stress the same
  • many people experience negative life events and don’t fall ill
  • positive stress = negative stress? (same level of stress when getting fired as getting married)
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7
Q

Describe the Transactional model of stress?

A

Stress occurs when a situation is appraised as exceeding a person’s adaptive resources

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8
Q

What three mechanisms underlies the transactional model of stress?

A

> the perception of the stressor
access to resources
type of coping strategy used

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9
Q

The Stress and Coping model argues that __________ is the most important thing when coping with stress.

A

appraisal

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10
Q

The two types of appraisal in the Stress and Coping model are 1.________ and 2._________; the two types of coping strategies are 1.___________ and 2.___________

A
  1. primary (challenge/threat)
  2. secondary (control/self efficacy)
  3. Problem-focused
  4. Emotion-focused (approach vs. avoid)
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11
Q

What are the two ways psychological factors can cause or exacerbate illness?

A
  1. Effects on biological mechanisms that mediate illness (e.g. conditioning)
  2. Their role in determining health behaviours (e.g. exercising)
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12
Q

Chronic stress overwhelms the body’s what?

A

homeostasis

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13
Q

What acute and chronic stressors have been shown to suppress the immune system?

A

Acute =

  • Academic examination
  • Presentation of feared object to phobics

Chronic =

  • Caregiving: Alzheimer’s
  • Unemployment
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14
Q

What coping style and what types of cognition/appraisals in response to stress have been linked with immunosuppression?

A

Coping style
- repressive coping style

Cognitions/Appraisals

  • locus of control
  • pessimistic explanatory style
  • self-efficacy
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15
Q

What three forms of social disruption is linked with immunosuppression?

A

> Loneliness
Marital separation
Bereavement

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16
Q

_______ personality is linked with immunosuppression, specifically cardiovascular illness

A

Type A

17
Q

Emotional distress and depression are two forms of ________/________ which leads to immunosupression

A

adjustment/adaptation

18
Q

What has been a successful prevention program for HIV?

A
  • Peer-based education
19
Q

Steve has been participating in un-safe sexual behaviour and is at risk for contracting HIV. What high-risk factors need to be considered in this situation? (6)

A

> poor self efficacy
lack of social skills in negotiating safe sex
drug/alcohol use
lack of identification with local community
marked distress
reduced HIV/AIDS concern

20
Q

According to Vanable (2000), people with HIV are more likely to engage in unsafe sex if they have a HIGH or LOW concern about their HIV?

A

More likely to engage in unsafe sex when LOW concern

21
Q

What are the seven generic key adaptive tasks that cut across most illness types?

A

> Maintaining emotional equilibrium
Maintaining a sense of self
Maintaining relationships with family/friends
Preparing for the future
Dealing with the physiological and medical aspects of illness
Dealing with treatment and medical care environments
Establishing and maintaining effective relations with healthcare professionals

22
Q

A dual model of mental health adaptation and outcomes considers indicators of _________ and _______ ________

A

psychopathology

positive wellbeing

23
Q

What are the two positive effects of physical illness?

A
  1. Sense-making (e.g. revising values)

2. Benefit finding (e.g. growth, empathy)

24
Q

What is an adverse effect of illness?

A

psychopathology (mental illness on top of physical illness)

25
Q

What are the biological causes of coronary heart disease?

A
  1. Myocardinal ischemia (temporary O2 deprivation)
  2. Atherosclerosis (thick artery wall)
  3. Coronary occlusion (blocked arteries)
26
Q

The demand-control model suggests that coronary heart disease may be _________ by social support and control

A

buffered

27
Q

Type A personality was considered related to higher risk of coronary heart disease however this effect has not been replicated; some evidence suggests that Type B personality should be linked to the disease. What feature probably found in both personalities likely increases the risk of heart disease?

A

hostility = general cynicism about interpersonal relationships

28
Q

Depression is how much more common among patients with coronary heart disease compared to the general population?

A

3 times

29
Q

According to the buffering hypothesis, social support is only beneficial when?

A

under periods of HIGH stress

30
Q

Describe what the primary / secondary and tertiary encouragements are for the prevention of coronary heart disease

A

Primary > encourages healthy behaviours

Secondary > detect and address existing disease prior to appearance of symptoms

Tertiary > targets p’s who have already been diagnsed with a disorder

31
Q

The best treatment programs for people diagnosed with a physical illness are ___________ and ______________.

A

structured

individualised

PSYC3102 (13 decks)

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