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PHRM 501 > Lecture 7: Membranes, Composition and Function > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Membranes, Composition and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Plasma membrane has selective permeability to maintain differences in composition between the inside and outside of the cell (cell homeostasis)

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2
Q

Selective permeabiltiy

A

molecules can pass through membrane through transporters or ion channels

  • lipid soluble molecules can pass
  • O2, N2 and CO2 (gases) can pass membrane
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3
Q

Order of cell

A

Organism> Organ> Tissues > Cell > Organelle

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4
Q

Membranes are:

A
  • asymmetric
  • proteins can move laterally
  • form specialized compartments within cell for ex. organelles
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5
Q

Cilia

A
  • detect sound

- borders hair cells around ear

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6
Q

Intercalated discs

A
  • heart

- allow electron coupling of cells

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7
Q

Synapse

A

site of chemical communication between adjacent cells

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8
Q

Cholesterol

A

-mostly resides within plasma membrane but smaller amounts are found within mitochondrial, Golgi complex and nuclear membranes

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9
Q

Membrane fluidity

A

the kink in the tail of the unsaturated fatty acid increases membrane fluidity

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10
Q

What increases plasma membrane fluidity?A.Phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acids.
B.Phospholipids with saturated fatty acids.
C. Glycolipids
D.Surrounding water molecules.

A

A.Phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acids.

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11
Q

Ions are

A

Hydrophilic or lipophilic and need ion channels to pass membrane

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12
Q

The permeability coefficient

A

measures the ability of a molecule to diffuse across a permeability barrier

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13
Q

The drug prednisone is a corticosteroid that is used to treat many inflammatory diseases including asthma
The lipid bilayer permeability coefficient of prednisone is:
A.Equal to that of water. B.Lower than that of water.
C.Higher than that of water.

A

C.Higher than that of water.

This drug is has rings which make is hydrophobic so its harder to pass through the membrane than water

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14
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules against concentration gradient using energy

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15
Q

Simple diffusion

A

molecules diffuse through the lipid bilayer

- driven by the transmembrane gradient of substrate

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16
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

movement of molecules with the aid or a protein, transporter or ion channel

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17
Q

Uniport

A

transport a single species across membrane in one direction

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18
Q

Symport

A

transport a two species across membrane in the same direction

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19
Q

Antiport

A

transport a two species across membrane in the opposite direction

20
Q

Aquaporins

A
  • water channels
  • always open
  • cells regulate water movement
21
Q

Ion channels

A
  • permeability of a channel depends on charge, the extent of hydration and size
  • maybe always open
  • often active transporters
22
Q

The concentration of sodium Na+ is:
A.higher inside than outside the cell?
B.equal between the inside and outside of the cell?
C.higher outside than inside the cell

A

C.higher outside than inside the cell

3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in

23
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

-Powered by ATP
-2K+ into cell
3Na+ out of cell
-net +1 increase in charge outside

24
Q

Weak acid

A

pH>pKa Ionized form charged

pH

25
Q

Weak base

A

pH>pKa Unionized form uncharged

pH

26
Q

Fluid base pinocytosis

A

random and nondirected

27
Q

Absorptive endocytosis

A

selective and occurs in coated pits

28
Q

Gap Junctions

A

-allow direct flow of molecules from one cell to another

29
Q

Exocytosis

A

releasing of hormones out of cell

30
Q

peripheral vs integral proteins

A

Integral proteins are embedded in the whole bilayer

Peripheral proteins is only located in the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer

31
Q

Mosaic

A

constant fluid movement in membrane

-Proteins and phospholipids can move laterally in the membrane

32
Q

The majority of cholesterol resides

within

A

plasma membranes
- smaller amounts are found within mitochondrial,
Golgi complex, and nuclear membranes

33
Q

What other ways regulate fluidity and permeability?

A

The hydroxyl group of the cholesterol faces water and the tail inside
away from water

34
Q

So how other molecules are transported through the membrane?

A 
-Large molecules
bind to receptors
- Glucose binds to a
specific ping-pong
receptor
-Ions are transported via
pumps or ion channels
35
Q

Molecules with low membrane permeability are

A

hydrophilic or lipophobic

36
Q

Molecules with high membrane permeability are

A

hydrophobic or lipophilic

37
Q

The lipid bilayer permeability coefficient of prednisone is:
A. Equal to that of water.
B. Lower than that of water.
C.Higher than that of water

A

C.Higher than that of water

38
Q

(GLUT) Glucose transporter

A
  • facilitated transport

- helps to transport insulin through the membrane (cell)

39
Q

“AQUAPORINS”

A 
water channels
- always open
-Cells regulate water movement by
controlling # of aquaporin proteins
inserted into the plasma membrane
40
Q

P (in P-type) transporter

A 
signifies phosphorylation (these proteins autophosphorylate).
- Ca2+ ATPase (SR); Na+
-K
\+
-ATPase (PM)
41
Q

F (in F-type) transporter

A

signifies energy coupling factors

-mt ATP synthase of oxidative phosphorylation

42
Q

V (in V-type) transporter

A

signifies vacuolar

-The ATPase that pumps protons into lysosomes and synaptic vesicles

43
Q

ABC transporter

A

signifies ATP-binding cassette transporter (all have two nucleotidebinding domains and two transmembrane segments)
-CFTR protein (PM); MDR-1 protein (PM)

44
Q

Uionized vs ionized as far as diffusion

A

Unionized forms can diffuse across cell membranes

Ionized forms will be have low lipid solubility and will be harder to cross cell membranes

45
Q

Diffusion of weak acid and weak base drugs through

plasma membrane depend on

A

pH

46
Q

A caveolae

A

is an invagination in the
plasma membrane. The protein caveolin appears to play an important role
in the formation of caveolae and occurs as a dimer

47
Q

Cystic fibrosis causes

A

Mutations in the gene encoding the
CFTR protein, a Cl–
transporter

PHRM 501 (21 decks)

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