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PHRM 501 > Exam 3: Basic of Pharmacokinetics II > Flashcards

Exam 3: Basic of Pharmacokinetics II Flashcards

1
Q

PK

A

What the body does to the drug

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2
Q

PD

A

What the drug does to the body

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3
Q

Volume of Distribution

A

Theoretical volume that the drug homogeneously distributes into

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4
Q

Vd formula

A

Amount of drug (mg) / Drug plasma conc. (mg/L)

Vd units is L

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5
Q

Drug in the blood is distributed to various organs

A
  • Distribution to heart, liver, kidneys, and brain is rapid
  • Distribution to muscle and skin is slower
  • Distribution to bone and fat is even slower
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6
Q

Distribution models: One-compartment

A
  • Single, uniform compartment
  • Assumes instantaneous distribution
  • And immediate start to elimination
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7
Q

Distribution models: Two-compartment

A

Two compartments
• Central compartment
• Peripheral compartment

Assumes instantaneous distribution to central compartment
• And immediate start to elimination

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8
Q

Central compartment

A 
-High perfused tissues like: 
• Blood
• Liver 
• Kidney
• Heart
• Lungs
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9
Q

Peripheral compartment

A

Poorly perfused tissues

• Fat, muscle, CSF

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10
Q

Which parts of ADME constitute elimination?

A
  • Metabolism

* Excretion

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11
Q

In which organs does metabolism primarily take place?

A
  • Liver
  • Lungs
  • Small intestine, skin
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12
Q

In which organs does excretion primarily take place?

A
  • Kidneys

* Lung

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13
Q

Clearance

A

Volume of blood from which drug is removed per unit time

Expressed in volume/time (L/hr)

  • Its additive in that you can add the volume of blood from which drug is removed in each organ
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14
Q

Hepatic clearance

A

Liver metabolism

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15
Q

Biliary excretion

A

excretion via feces

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16
Q

Renal clearance

A

excretion via urine

17
Q

high drug clearance

A

60-90 L/hr

18
Q

Medium drug clearance

A

30-60 L/hr

19
Q

low drug clearance

A

< 30 L/hr

20
Q

How many L of blood are in the human body?

A

5 L

21
Q

The heart pumps the entire volume in

A

1 minute (approximately)

22
Q

Rate of elimination (Re)

A

how much drug is eliminated per unit time

  • Dependent on drug conc.
23
Q

Rate of elimination formula

A

Drug plasma conc. * Clearance

Units are mg/hr

24
Q

The higher the conc. of drug,

A

the faster it is cleared

25
Q

Most drugs are cleared by

A

First order elimination

26
Q

What does not change in rate of elimination problems?

A

Vd and clearance

27
Q

More substrate ->

A

more product

28
Q

More drug ->

A

more elimination

29
Q

As the plasma conc. of drug increases,

A

the rate of elimination increases

30
Q

The rate of drug removal is

A

directly proportional to the concentration of drug

31
Q

As Half life decrease,

A

the clearance goes up

32
Q

Longer half life means

A

lower clearance

PHRM 501 (21 decks)

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