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Microbiology Exam 1 > Lecture 7: Herpes Virus > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Herpes Virus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Human herpesviruses all have 3 phases of disease

A
  1. Primary infection
  2. Latency
  3. Reactivación
    a person may never experience or notice reactivation
    all human herpesviruses infect for life    **
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2
Q

Which human herpevirus establish latency in neurons

A

HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV

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3
Q

Which human herpes virus establish latency in B lymphocytes

A

HHV-4 = EBV
HHV-8

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4
Q

Herpetic gingivostomatitis
-herpes type
-manifestations
-reactivation

A

HSV-1
Sores on lips, gums, tongue, cheeks (inflamed gums)
Reactivates as herpes labiales

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5
Q

Herpes labialis
-type of herpes
-latency where

A

Cold sores (fever blisters)
Reactivated from HSV-1 or HSV-2
Latency-trigeminal ganglion

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6
Q

HSV in immunocompromised

A

Can manifest as chronic, necrotic ulcers with hemorrhagic crusts
-can become bilateral
-aggressive

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7
Q

Genital herpes
-types of human herpes virus
-latency

A

Mostly due to HSV-2
Latency is established at the sacral ganglia

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8
Q

Neonatal herpes
-type of human herpes virus

A

HSV-2
-can be acquired during birth
-primary infection in 3rd trimester

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9
Q

Herpes diagnosis

A

Serology: (indirect way because measuring anti-bodies (IgM & IgG)
Elisa or western blot= differentiation between HSV-1 and HSV-2
PCR=
Differentiation between HSV-1 and HSV-2
TZANCK SMEAR shows CPE’s
CPE seen in HSV and VZV = inclusion bodies (“crowdy bodies) & syncytia

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10
Q

Herpes treatment and prevention

A

-acyclovir
-Valcyclovir
-sun avoidance

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11
Q

Human herpes virus-3
Also known as VZV
-genome
-capsule
-envelope
-reactivation

A

-genome: dsDNA
-Capsule: icosohedral
-envelope: yes
-reactivation: shingles (zoster)

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12
Q

VZV pathogenesis
-initial
-latency
-reactivation

A

-chicken Pox
-sensory neuronal cells
-shingles (herpes zoster)

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13
Q

Chickenpox manifestations

A

Maculopapular rash after 14 days post-infection
-begins in trunk-> face and extremities
Oral manifestation without scarring

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14
Q

Herpes zoster/shingles (VZV)
-reactivation
-manifestations

A

-REACTIVATION after age of 60 from chickenpox (varicela = HHV-3)
-bilateral (only on one side of the body)
-severe pain, itching, and numbness followed by bilateral rash

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15
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles) clinical presentation

A

Zoster refers to the characteristics localization of skin lesions = dermatome
Each dermatome is Innervated by a single sensory nerve

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16
Q

Treatment for VZV
-Chickenpox
-shingles

A

Chickenpox = acyclovir within 24 hours
Shingles = acyclovir within 72 hours

17
Q

VZV prevention
-chickenpox
-shingles

A

Vaccines
Chickenpox= varivax
Shingles= shingrix (>50 y/o)

18
Q

Infectious mononucleosis
-which type of Human herpes virus
-capsule
-genome
-envelope

A

(Kissing disease)
(Epstein-Barr virus= EBV)
-TYPE= HHV-4
-icosahedral
-dsDNA
-envelope: yes

19
Q

Describe the EBV pathogenesis
(Infectious mononucleosis) and where is establishes latency

A

-infects B cells and epithelial cells of oropharynx
This obviously will cause your T cells to attack your infected B cells and kill them… resulting in symptoms of MONO.

-latency = memory B cells or sensory ganglion ????????? (See hong PowerPoint)

20
Q

EBV manifestations

A

-marked fatigue- lasts for weeks (up to 6 months)
-lymphadenopathy
-hepatosplenomegaly
-enlarged tonsils can obstruct the airway
-pharyngitis
rarely reactivates

HSV-4

21
Q

oral symptoms of EBV (infectious mono)

A

-halitosis (bad breath)
-pharyngitis with membrane formation
-petechiae on soft palate (this point was grabbed from photo)

22
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia Is caused by which herpes?
What are the manifestations?

A

-happens from HHV-4 (EBV) most common in immunocompromised = AIDS
-White lesions on sides of tongue (often bilateral)!

23
Q

EBV is a virus of B cells linked to several forms of cancers, which are?

A

-gastric carcinoma
-Hodgkin’s disease

24
Q

CMV
-type of HHV
-Capsule
-genome
-Envelope

A

-HHV-5
-icosahedral
-dsDNA
-yes

25
Q

T/F: Most people become infected with CMV during their lifetime
What about the Clinical disease of CMV?

A

True
>90% of adults in most of the world are seropositive
-Clincial disease: generally occurs in the immunocompromised (newborns, AIDS, organ transplants)

26
Q

CMV transmission
-shedding
-torch
-most common route of transmission

A

Shedding = bodily fluids/secretions (urine, saliva, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions, blood)
Crosses the Placenta (TORCH)
Most common: congenital, oral, sexual, organ transplant, blood transfusion

27
Q

Reactivation of CMV and its manifestations

A

usually occurs in context of immuno suppression

-Oral CMV ulcers = painful solitary penetrating ulcers
-CMV sialadentis = rare = painful swelling of major salivary glands, bilateral, decreased saliva, xerostomia

this makes sense since CMV establishes latency in salivary glands

28
Q

CMV diagnosis

A

Direct microscopic observation
Looking for CPE of “OWLS EYE”
-perinuclear inclusion bodies and cytomegaly

this can be compared to the CPE of EBV which will have CPE of “Downey cells”

29
Q

Diagnosing EBV

A

-About 10% of lymphocytes are atypical showing CPE of “Downey cells” = enlarged, mis-sharpen nuclei with increased cytoplasm
-Heterophile antibodies elevated in cases of IM patients caused by EBV

30
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma
-capsid
-genome
-envelope

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma = HHV-8
-dsDNA
-yes enveloped

31
Q

-Kaposi’s Sarcoma often is found in associate with?
-can nonsexual transmission occur?

A

-found in association with HIV infection
-Nonsexual transmission can also occur mostly through organ transplant

32
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma manifestations

A

-rare and malignant neoplasm of blood/blood vessels in Immunocompromised individuals
-cancer
-patches of abnormal tissue grow under the skin or mucous membranes (mouth, nose, anus)
lesions may be RED, PURPLE, BROWN, OR BLACK

33
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma oral manifestations

A

Aside from patches of abnormal tissue growing under the skin, they can also grow in mucosa membranes.
can occur in the absence of skin lesions

-oral manifestations (mucous membrane) occur on the hard palate or gingivae… if it happens on the soft palate then it is an advanced state of Kaposi’s sarcoma
Color = RED OR PURPLE vascular lesions

Microbiology Exam 1 (16 decks)

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