Lecture 1: Structure And Classification Flashcards
What is the site of latency for Herpes Simplex Virus?
Trigeminal ganglion
What is the site of latency for Varicella-zoster virus?
Sensory ganglia
What is the site of latency for Epstein-Barr virus?
Epithelial cells and B lymphocytes
What is the site of latency for cytomegalovirus?
Salivary gland cells
What is the site of latency for the papilloma virus?
Epithelial cells
What is the site of latency for human immunodeficiency viruses?
Lymphocytes and other CD4 cells
What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for influenza A?
Entry protein- haemagglutinin
Cell receptor- sialic acid (mM)
What is the entry protein, host cell receptor, co-receptor, and alternative receptor for HIV-1?
Entry protein- gp160
Cell receptor- CD4
Co-receptor: CCR-5, CXCR4,
Alternative receptor: galactosyl ceramide
What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for SARS-CoV?
Entry protein- S (S1)
Cell receptor- ACE2
TMPRSS2 Protease: cleaves the ACE2 to facilitate virus binding and activates S protein; tropism for oral mucosa, lungs, GI, kidney, heart, and blood vessels
What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for HSV-1?
HSV= herpes simplex virus
Entry protein- glycoprotein D
Cell receptor- HveA
What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for poliovirus 1?
Entry protein- capsid shell (VP1, VP2, VP3)
Cell receptor- CD155
What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for Rhinovirus 3 (HRV3)?
Entry protein- capsid shell (VP1, VP2, VP3)
Cell receptor - ICAM-1
What is the entry protein, host cell receptor, co-receptor, and alternative receptor for Adenovirus 2?
Entry protein- Fibre, penton base
Cell receptor- CAR
Co-receptor: alpha-v integrins
Alternative receptor: sialic acid and heparin sulphate proteoglycans
What is the entry protein,host cell receptor and alternative receptor for Reovirus 1?
Entry protein- (sigma, symbol) 1
Cell receptor- JAM-1
Alternative receptor: sialic acid
Are spike proteins always present in enveloped viruses? (T/F)
True
What are the two types of spike proteins in the flu virus?
H1N1
*Hemaggultinin- agglutinates RBCs
*Neuraminidase- enzyme that cuts sialic acid residues from cells
HIV has a tropism for?
HCV has a tropism for?
HIV= CD4+ T cells
HCV= hepatocytes
What determines tropism for viruses?
Spikes/peplomers (glycoprotein)
DNA virus: enveloped single-stranded
DNA virus: enveloped double-stranded
SS: Parvovirus
DS: herpes, HSV, Varicella, Epstein, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, pox viruses, vaccinia, orf
DNA virus: non-enveloped, double stranded
Adeno, papo, Polyoma, papilloma, hepadna, hepatitis B
RNA virus: enveloped, single-stranded (13)
Orthomyxo, paramyxo, influenza, parainfluenza, mumps, measles, retrovirus, rubella, rabies, rhabdo, respiratory syncytial, toga, human immunodeficiency viruses
RNA virus: non-enveloped, single stranded
RNA virus: non-enveloped, double stranded
SS: pico, rhino, polio,entero, echo, coxsackie
DS: reo, rota
Structures of a virus
-size
-structural proteins
-non-structural proteins
-ribosomes?
-10-100 nm
-structural proteins: capsid, envelope, and spike
-non-structural proteins: enzymes
-Lack ribosomes
Why do we need to know virus structure?
Why do we need to know virus replication?
-virus structure for basis of diagnostic testing
-virus replication because it will help target anti-vitals
Major transmission route for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2?
Direct contact
HHV-1 = Mouth
HHV-2 = sexually
What viruses have an inoculation as their major transmission route?
Hepatitis B, C, D
HIV
Most common and second most common causes of primary viral infections of the oral cavity
-human herpes virus
-human papilloma virus (HPV)
70% ethanol can only inactivate what type of virus?
Enveloped viruses with glycoprotein (spikes) and RNA genome
What are two types of healthy carriers of pathogens?
- Convalescent carrier: “cured” individual still transmitting the virus
- Asymptomatic carrier
What type of viruses do healthy carriers transmit?
Convalescent carrier: HBV, streptococcal sore throat, diphtheria
Asymptomatic carrier: HBV, HCV
The difference b/w overt infectious individuals vs. individuals in the prodromal stage
Overt infections = a lot of virions, therefore showing symptoms that are characteristic to a specific illness
Prodromal stage = producing virions but no overt symptoms, rather the basic symptoms for any illness.
Which Blood-borne viruses transmitted through inoculation pose the most risk to you?
-HBV
-HCV
-HIV
inoculation infections are transmitted through unsterile instruments
What are the Respiratory viruses?
-influenza
-rhinovirus
-adenovirus
Complications that may be caused after reactivation of HSV-1?
-Herpes simplex encephalitis
-neuronal cell death
-multiple sclerosis
-Alzheimer’s disease
