Lecture 1: Structure And Classification

Question 1

What is the site of latency for Herpes Simplex Virus?

Answer 1

Trigeminal ganglion

Question 2

What is the site of latency for Varicella-zoster virus?

Answer 2

Sensory ganglia

Question 3

What is the site of latency for Epstein-Barr virus?

Answer 3

Epithelial cells and B lymphocytes

Question 4

What is the site of latency for cytomegalovirus?

Answer 4

Salivary gland cells

Question 5

What is the site of latency for the papilloma virus?

Answer 5

Epithelial cells

Question 6

What is the site of latency for human immunodeficiency viruses?

Answer 6

Lymphocytes and other CD4 cells

Question 7

What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for influenza A?

Answer 7

Entry protein- haemagglutinin
Cell receptor- sialic acid (mM)

Question 8

What is the entry protein, host cell receptor, co-receptor, and alternative receptor for HIV-1?

Answer 8

Entry protein- gp160
Cell receptor- CD4
Co-receptor: CCR-5, CXCR4,
Alternative receptor: galactosyl ceramide

Question 9

What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for SARS-CoV?

Answer 9

Entry protein- S (S1)
Cell receptor- ACE2
TMPRSS2 Protease: cleaves the ACE2 to facilitate virus binding and activates S protein; tropism for oral mucosa, lungs, GI, kidney, heart, and blood vessels

Question 10

What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for HSV-1?

Answer 10

HSV= herpes simplex virus
Entry protein- glycoprotein D
Cell receptor- HveA

Question 11

What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for poliovirus 1?

Answer 11

Entry protein- capsid shell (VP1, VP2, VP3)
Cell receptor- CD155

Question 12

What is the entry protein and host cell receptor for Rhinovirus 3 (HRV3)?

Answer 12

Entry protein- capsid shell (VP1, VP2, VP3)
Cell receptor - ICAM-1

Question 13

What is the entry protein, host cell receptor, co-receptor, and alternative receptor for Adenovirus 2?

Answer 13

Entry protein- Fibre, penton base
Cell receptor- CAR
Co-receptor: alpha-v integrins
Alternative receptor: sialic acid and heparin sulphate proteoglycans

Question 14

What is the entry protein,host cell receptor and alternative receptor for Reovirus 1?

Answer 14

Entry protein- (sigma, symbol) 1
Cell receptor- JAM-1
Alternative receptor: sialic acid

Question 15

Are spike proteins always present in enveloped viruses? (T/F)

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are the two types of spike proteins in the flu virus?

Answer 16

H1N1
*Hemaggultinin- agglutinates RBCs
*Neuraminidase- enzyme that cuts sialic acid residues from cells

Question 17

HIV has a tropism for?
HCV has a tropism for?

Answer 17

HIV= CD4+ T cells
HCV= hepatocytes

Question 18

What determines tropism for viruses?

Answer 18

Spikes/peplomers (glycoprotein)

Question 19

DNA virus: enveloped single-stranded
DNA virus: enveloped double-stranded

Answer 19

SS: Parvovirus
DS: herpes, HSV, Varicella, Epstein, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, pox viruses, vaccinia, orf

Question 20

DNA virus: non-enveloped, double stranded

Answer 20

Adeno, papo, Polyoma, papilloma, hepadna, hepatitis B

Question 21

RNA virus: enveloped, single-stranded (13)

Answer 21

Orthomyxo, paramyxo, influenza, parainfluenza, mumps, measles, retrovirus, rubella, rabies, rhabdo, respiratory syncytial, toga, human immunodeficiency viruses

Question 22

RNA virus: non-enveloped, single stranded
RNA virus: non-enveloped, double stranded

Answer 22

SS: pico, rhino, polio,entero, echo, coxsackie
DS: reo, rota

Question 23

Structures of a virus
-size
-structural proteins
-non-structural proteins
-ribosomes?

Answer 23

-10-100 nm
-structural proteins: capsid, envelope, and spike
-non-structural proteins: enzymes
-Lack ribosomes

Question 24

Why do we need to know virus structure?
Why do we need to know virus replication?

Answer 24

-virus structure for basis of diagnostic testing
-virus replication because it will help target anti-vitals

Question 25

Major transmission route for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2?

Answer 25

Direct contact
HHV-1 = Mouth
HHV-2 = sexually

Question 26

What viruses have an inoculation as their major transmission route?

Answer 26

Hepatitis B, C, D
HIV

Question 27

Most common and second most common causes of primary viral infections of the oral cavity

Answer 27

-human herpes virus
-human papilloma virus (HPV)

Question 28

70% ethanol can only inactivate what type of virus?

Answer 28

Enveloped viruses with glycoprotein (spikes) and RNA genome

Question 29

What are two types of healthy carriers of pathogens?

Answer 29

1. Convalescent carrier: “cured” individual still transmitting the virus
2. Asymptomatic carrier

Question 30

What type of viruses do healthy carriers transmit?

Answer 30

Convalescent carrier: HBV, streptococcal sore throat, diphtheria
Asymptomatic carrier: HBV, HCV

Question 31

The difference b/w overt infectious individuals vs. individuals in the prodromal stage

Answer 31

Overt infections = a lot of virions, therefore showing symptoms that are characteristic to a specific illness
Prodromal stage = producing virions but no overt symptoms, rather the basic symptoms for any illness.

Question 32

Which Blood-borne viruses transmitted through inoculation pose the most risk to you?

Answer 32

-HBV
-HCV
-HIV
inoculation infections are transmitted through unsterile instruments

Question 33

What are the Respiratory viruses?

Answer 33

-influenza
-rhinovirus
-adenovirus

Question 34

Complications that may be caused after reactivation of HSV-1?

Answer 34

-Herpes simplex encephalitis
-neuronal cell death
-multiple sclerosis
-Alzheimer’s disease