Lecture 7 - Fungal structure and growth Flashcards
what type of metabolism do fungi have
organoheterotroph
what type of organism is fungi
eukaryotes
mostly haploid
mostly aerobic
how many phyla is fungi divided into
5
they all end in mycota, except microsporidia = this one doesnt exist anymore they changed it to protist
what type is chytridomycota
aquatic fungi
they have flagellated spores to help them move in water
and are axexual and sexual
what are rhizoids
look like roots
grow out of thallus
helps absorb stuff from surroudnings and have motile zoopores
what charcteristic disease to chytridomycota
fatal pandemic disease in amphibians
poor frog
what is zygomycota
the bread mold one
terrestrial only
asexual non-motile spores
Also sexual zygospores
some are pathogenic to humans
what are conjucated fungi
+ve and -ve versions
means it can sexually reproduce
they fuse to form zygospores the zygospore is sexual - undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spore
what are ascomycota
largest group
produce ascospores (8) which are in an ascus = these are sexual
what is conidiospore
these are spores released to reproduce asexually
what is basidiomycota
club fungi - mushrooms/toadstools
most advanced
m
are basidiomycota sexual or asexual
sexual
form 4 basidiospores (- or +)
and these form on basidium (swollen hyphae cells)
these line the gills/pores of the mushroom
what kind of association do basidiomycota form with trees
mycorrhizal
they have a mutually beneficial relationship
in terms of cell structure, what are the 3 types of structure fungi have
yeasts (unicellular)
filamentous
or
dimorphic (a combo of both)
how would a dimorphic fungi turn into unicellular form
temperature dependant
so at 37deg
will turn unicellular
effect of yeast form of fungi
can lead to resp infections in humans
e.g. histoplasma
how do dimorphic fungi turn into filamentous
at 20-25 deg
allows it to grow and spores to spread in environment
e.g. sporothix
grows in environemnt, but can cause lung infection in its unicellular form
what process do yeast use to grow
budding
a form of asexual reproduction
remains attached as it grows
separates only when it is mature
new organism is genetically idential to parent
what process do filamentous fungi use to grow
form network of hyphae
these have spores called conidia
these are what spread and germinate
what is mycelium
network of fungal threads/hyphae
the conidia are what make this look dusty (green stuff in mold)
how do hyphae grow
apical growth
so only grows from the tip
grows outwords to gain more nutrients
what is basidiocarp
the fruiting body of the mushroom
spores will form here
what is the first stage of formation of fruiting body
hyphal knot
what are the 2 types of hyphae
septate - seperated cells, w/ tiny holes allow flow of nutrients
coenocytic - no separation, it’s just a long cell w/ multiple nuclei (more primitave)
fungal cell wall structure: what is uppermost layer of fungus
mannoproteins
what polysaccharide is in fungal cell walls
beta glucans
what is chitin made up of
polymer of beta 1,4 N - acetylglucosamine
forms microfibrillar bundle - very insoluble
what does the apical region consist of in fungal hyphae
Secretory vesicles
W/. Glucan synthase, chitin synthase, enzyme activators, protease, cell wall lysis enzymes
