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Prisons and Prisoners Lectures > Lecture 7: Experiencing imprisonment (adaptation) > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Experiencing imprisonment (adaptation) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the initial quote suggest about prison adaptation?

A

It requires mental toughness

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2
Q

What key facility do new prisoners go to first?

A

Reception

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3
Q

What does the term ‘pains of imprisonment’ refer to?

A

Deprivations faced

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4
Q

Which pain relates to lack of heterosexual contact?

A

Sexuality

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5
Q

What change does the quote from 1958 highlight regarding pains of imprisonment?

A

The switch from physical to psychological pains

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6
Q

What does the term ‘deep end custody’ refer to?

A

Oppressive maximum security conditions

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7
Q

How can staff exert control without physical punishment according to the quote?

A

Removal of privileges

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8
Q

What change has added ambiguity to staff-prisoner relationships?

A

Informal interactions

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9
Q

What issues arise from risk-based parole and progression decisions?

A

They worsen uncertainty

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10
Q

The ‘deprivation’ model sees prison culture responding to:

A

Inherent regime restrictions

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11
Q

What stance does the importation model take on prison culture?

A

It continues positive behaviors from outside

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12
Q

What role does the integration model see pre-prison behaviors playing?

A

Influencing adaptations

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13
Q

What shapes whether prisoners ‘swim with or against the tide’?

A

Relationships and incentives

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14
Q

Where does the inmate code concept originate?

A

Prisoner subculture

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14
Q

What issue limits universality of the inmate code?

A

Differing backgrounds

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15
Q

How does the IEP potentially undermine solidarity?

A

By dividing prisoners

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16
Q

What does IEP stand for?

A

Incentives and Earned Privileges

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17
Q

Where do sex offenders typically fall in prisoner hierarchies?

A

The bottom

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18
Q

What exception highlights interdependency with officers?

A

Joint safety needs

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19
Q

Why have drugs impacted prisoner solidarity?

A

They worsen violence

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20
Q

What issue arises from employing certain prisoners in food service roles?

A

Security risks

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21
Q

What does the inmate code say about ‘grassing’ others?

A

Exceptions can apply

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22
Q

What dilemma surrounds developing prison friendships?

A

Appearing weak or dependent

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23
Q

How are prison pains seen as having changed over time?

A

Less brutality but tighter control

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24
Q

The integration model sees prison culture arising through:

A

Interplay of restrictions and external influences

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25
Q

What shapes whether people ‘sink or swim’ in adapting to prison life?

A

Relationships formed and incentives

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26
Q

What issue limits universality of the inmate code?

A

Differing personal backgrounds

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27
Q

What change to staff-prisoner relationships adds ambiguity?

A

Informal interactions

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28
Q

What typical hierarchy exists between prisoners?

A

Seriousness of offence

29
Q

What key tension exists in staff-prisoner relationships?

A

Communication risks distrust

30
Q

The quote on drug impacts highlights what change?

A

Violence levels increased

31
Q

What key dilemma affects developing prison friendships?

A

Appearing weak

32
Q

What approach helps prisoners swim with the tide?

A

Conforming decisions

33
Q

What issue exempts certain prisoners from hierarchies?

A

Protection needs

34
Q

What change undermines universality of the inmate code?

A

Divisive incentive policies

34
Q

Why can imprisonment without physical punishment still cause pain?

A

Psychological torment

35
Q

The initial quote suggests prison adaptation is:

A

Crucial for survival

36
Q

What key tension affects staff-prisoner relationships?

A

Communication risks distrust

37
Q

According to the quote, drug impacts worsened:

A

Violence levels

38
Q

What is the sociology of imprisonment?

A

Importance and difficulty of ethnographic and qualitative research with people living and working in prisons

39
Q

What are we adapting to (sykes 1958 ; crewe 2011)?

A
  • Traditional pains of imprisonment
  • New burdens and frustrations for long term prisoners
40
Q

What are Sykes 5 pains of imprisonment?

A
  1. Liberty
  2. Material goods and services
  3. Hetero-sexuality
  4. Autonomy
  5. Personal security
41
Q

What is pains of imprisonment (liberty)?

A

Social isolation and rejection

42
Q

What are pains of imprisonment (material goods, services)?

A

Lack of choice and access to preferred service providers

43
Q

What are pains of imprisonment (heterosex)? - quote

A

‘Figuratively castrated by his involuntary celibacy’

44
Q

What are pains of imprisonment (autonomy)? - quote

A

Reduced to the ‘weak, helpless, dependent status of childhood’

45
Q

What are pains of imprisonment (personal security)?

A
  • Enforced proximity with others
  • Lack of privacy
46
Q

What is deep end custody?

A

Oppressive PHYSICAL security
PSYCHOLOGICAL weight ‘bearing down’

47
Q

Examples of deep end custody:

A
  • Isolation from outside world
  • Distance from release
  • Subversive geraniums
  • Unchecked staff power
48
Q

Prison example of deep end custody:

A

HMP Whitemoor

49
Q

3 new pains of imprisonment:

A
  • Depth-weight
  • Tightness
50
Q

What are 3 attributes of new pains of imprisonment (tightness)?

A
  • Uncertainty
  • Indeterminacy
  • Soft power
51
Q

What does Cohen and Taylor say about time in prison?

A

Time as an open landscape rather than a set of pigeonholes

52
Q

We moved from omnipresent observation to…

A

Self-governance

53
Q

Examples of uncertainty, indeterminacy, soft power?

A
  • Actuarial risk assessments
  • Decisions at a distance: impersonal, inflexible
  • Prison as hurdles, being set up to fail
  • Greater ambiguity of friendly staff
54
Q

4 models of adaptation:

A
  • Indigenous
  • Importation/sub-cultural
  • Integration model
  • U curve of adaptation
55
Q

What is the indigenous (deprivation) model of adaptation?

A
  • Culture determined by, and responds to, inherent pains and deprivations
  • ‘Role-stripping’ and ‘civil death’
56
Q

What is the importation (sub-cultural) models of adaptation?

A
  • Culture maintains external behaviour and individual characteristics
  • Multiple fluid sub-cultures
  • Criminal (ethnic) gangs and ‘homecoming ceremonies’
57
Q

3 multiple fluid subcultures

A
  • Thief: professional, loyal
  • Convict: individualistic
  • Legitimate: conformist
58
Q

What is the integration model of adaptation?

A

Culture reflects interdependent and interactive effects

59
Q

Examples of integration model of adaptation:

A
  • Distorted and adapted version of prison social life and outside culture
  • Continuation of negative/positive pre-prison behaviours
60
Q

What is the u-curve of adaptation? tide quote

A

From ‘kick off’ to ‘prisonisation’ to thoughts of release
- Swimming with rather against the tide

61
Q

What is the inmate code?

A

The rules and values that have developed among prisoners inside prisons’ social systems
- No grassing
- No theft or exploitation from fellow ‘cons’
- Self-sufficiency - ‘be a man’, ‘do you own time’

62
Q

Criticisms of inmate code:

A
  • Governs social relations as ‘an ideal rather than a description’
  • Hierarchy
63
Q

Who is at the top of the prison hierarchy?

A
  • Gangsters and ‘businessmen’
64
Q

Who is in the middle of the prison hierarchy?

A
  • Lads
  • Foot soldiers
  • Fragglers - people with mental health issues
65
Q

Who is at the bottom of the prison hierarchy?

A
  • Sex offender
  • Transgender people
66
Q

Criticisms of prison solidarity:

A
  • Interdependency of staff and prisoners for safety​
  • Influence of cross-posting​
  • Distinctions between officers ​
67
Q

Criticism of no theft from or exploitation of fellow cons

A
  • Drugs and ‘double-bubble’
68
Q

Hyper-masculinity is situated as:

A

‘Secondary proof of manhood’

Prisons and Prisoners Lectures (18 decks)

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