Lecture 10: Experiencing imprisonment (minority populations) Flashcards
What percentage of the prison population are women?
4%
What percentage of women prisoners are imprisoned for non-violent offences?
69%
What percentage of women prisoners serve less than 12 month sentences?
77%
What percentage of women prisoners are from BAME backgrounds?
16%
What term refers to the lack of facilities for women prisoners?
The Cinderalla estate
How far on average are women imprisoned from their homes?
60 miles
What does OBP stand for?
Offending behaviour programme
What units allow some mothers to keep toddlers with them in prison?
Mother and baby units (MBUs)
When mothers are separated what percentage of their children are cared for by fathers?
9%
What has been found to be the most difficult aspect of imprisonment for mothers?
Missing their children
What term refers to trauma originating before prison?
Imported trauma
Approximately what percentage of women prisoners have had mental health issues?
76%
What are women prisoners more likely to do than male prisoners?
Self-harm
What characteristic of female self-harm in prison is noted in the document?
Its competitiveness
What best describes the current approach to women’s imprisonment?
Rehabilitation
What government commission found evidence of institutional racism after Zahud’s death?
The Commission for Racial Equality
Prisoner Zahud Mubarek was murdered by which group?
His cellmate
What did the Keith Report find evidence of in the prison system?
Racism
Which ethnic group is notably underrepresented in prisons?
Chinese
What religious group is the fastest growing population in prisons?
Muslim
What pains do people of colour experience in prison?
Institutional racism
What does BAME stand for?
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people
What legal method can challenge racial discrimination in prisons?
Human rights legislation
What have BAME prisoners reported receiving disproportionate response for?
Adjudications
What change was made to address risk factors highlighted after Zahud’s death?
Abolition of enforced cell sharing
What characteristic in common is noted of female offenders?
Relationship issues
What offence are Pakistani heritage men disproportionately imprisoned for?
Child grooming
What unit will self-harming women prisoners likely be placed in?
Segregation or in a health care unit
What will mothers in prison who lose custody often lose as well?
Housing
What term refers to loss of identity upon imprisonment?
Mortification
What new approach aims to reduce women’s imprisonment in Scotland?
Community sentences
What 2001 quote refers to pockets of blatant racism in prisons?
The head of the Prison Service
What best explains disproportionate imprisonment rates of BAME groups?
Poverty
What change aims to make staffing more representative of inmates?
Minority recruitment
What strategy involves prisoners complaining about racial issues?
Councils
What key shared issue is noted for women prisoners?
Trauma
What is noted as making imprisonment harder for mothers?
Missing children
What legal approach has challenged discrimination against minorities?
Human Rights Law
What change followed recommendations after Zahud Mubaruk’s murder?
Overhaul of cell-sharing risk assessments
What are two key minorities?
Women and people of colour
Why has there been longstanding call for gendered justice?
- Distinctive profile of female prisoners means they require a different approach
- Equal treatment to men does not mean identical treatment
Who has a higher rate of arson?
Women
What are womens killings typically?
Expressive and rationale
How many female prisons are there?
12 closed and open prisons
Why do women self-harm?
- Reflects feelings of self-disgust, depression and grief
- Emotionally feel better as they are in physical pain
What does Gregory 2003 call omnipresent and competitive self-harm?
‘The mutilation marathon’
What is there a continuing focus on for women in prison?
Early intervention and more community-based solutions
What is there a new emphasis on for women prisons policies and practices?
‘Whole system approach’ and gender-specific, trauma-formed policies and practices
Examples of new gender specific and trauma informed policies and practices:
- Prison design
- Practical interventions
What are black people over represented for?
- Robbery
- Drug offences
- Fraud
What offence are Pakistani-heritage men know to commit?
- Child sexual grooming
- Drug offences
What is an example of racially motivated murder in prison?
Muder of Zahud (2000)
What does Martin Narey 2001 say about institutional racism?
There are pockets of blatant and malicious racism within the service
Experiences of differential treatment for BAME in prison?
- Racial abuse and intimidation from prisoners and staff
- Unfair treatment in initial risk assessments
How do BAME adapt to pains of racism?
- Acceptance
- Resistance
- Individual rebellion
How are organisational and legal responses addressing internal decision-making for BAME?
- Creating a more diverse workforce
- Addressing internal decision-making
Define racially motivated abuse and assault:
‘Any incident perceived to be racial by the victim or any other person’
