Lecture 7- Events, structure and implications Flashcards
What is a situation model made up of?
Events (time, space, causation, intention, protagonists, objects)
What is the model?
An event is truly unique
A model on the other hand is an abstraction from the real thing (a representation with some details forgotten)
What are the three possible ways to indicate which argument did what?
- Order of words (different languages have different ones)
- Mark the arguments (nouns)
- Mark the events (verbs)
What are arguments?
Things involved in an event
In English what is the standard word order?
Subject, verb, object (SVO)
Do other word order’s exist?
Yes, every word order that could exist does ( SOV, VSO, OVS, OSV, VOS)
What is an example of a language using markers to indicate a subject (noun marking)?
Japanese (ga)
Basically noun marking is when something is added to indicate that something is the subject or object.
What does it mean when we say verb marking?
Add a part (morpheme) to a word often a prefix or suffix that changes what the main nouns in the sentence do. E.g. in French can conjugate verbs
What is a word?
A form with meaning
What is a morpheme?
- The smallest form with meaning
- Can be prefixes and suffixes as can add to a word to change the meaning (e.g. ed)
What is Chinese an example of in terms of morphemes?
It is an isolating language where the number of words and morphemes is the same
How many words and how many morphemes in this sentence? :
Is our culture becoming Americanized?
5 words,
9 morphemes
What is syntax?
How sentences and phrases come together
What is morphology?
The study of words
What is phonology and phonetics
The study of sounds
