Lecture 7 - Digestive System

Question 1

Posterior part

Answer 1

Soft palate

Question 2

Includes submandibular, sublingual, and parotid glands

Answer 2

Salivary Glands

Question 3

Layer of smooth epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Peritoneum

Question 4

Inflammation of the parotid gland

Answer 4

Mumps

Question 5

Connective tissue of organs in abdominal cavity

Answer 5

Mesenteries

Question 6

Purely serous secretion

Answer 6

Parotid Gland

Question 7

Mesentery connecting lesser curvature of stomach to liver and diaphragm

Answer 7

Lesser Omentum

Question 8

Mixed secretion, predominantly serous

Answer 8

Submandibular Gland

Question 9

Mixed secretion, predominantly mucous

Answer 9

Sublingual Gland

Question 10

Mesentery connecting greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon and posterior body wall

Answer 10

Greater Omentum

Question 11

Throat

Answer 11

Pharynx

Question 12

First part of the digestive system

Answer 12

Oral Cavity

Question 13

Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 13

Esophagus

Question 14

Salivary enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 14

Amylase

Question 15

Salivary enzymes that are active against bacteria

Answer 15

Lysozyme

Question 16

Occurs when gastric juices regurgitate into the esophagus; caused by caffeine, smoking, or eating or drinking in excess

Answer 16

Heartburn

Question 17

32 teeth in a normal adult

Answer 17

Teeth

Question 18

Incisors, canine, premolars, molars, wisdom teeth

Answer 18

Types of teeth

Question 19

20 baby teeth

Answer 19

Primary teeth

Question 20

Each tooth has a crown, cusp, neck, and root

Answer 20

Tooth structure

Question 21

The center of the tooth

Answer 21

Pulp cavity

Question 22

Hard covering that protects against abrasions

Answer 22

Enamel

Question 23

Wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract (Myenteric plexus/Auerbach’s plexus)

Answer 23

Peristalsis

Question 24

Breakdown of enamel by acids from bacteria

Answer 24

Cavities

Question 25

Located in the abdomen

Answer 25

Stomach Location

Question 26

Storage tank for food

Answer 26

Stomach Function

Question 27

Produces mucus, hydrochloric acid, and protein-digesting enzymes

Answer 27

Stomach Secretions

Question 28

Can hold up to 2 liters of food

Answer 28

Capacity

Question 29

Stomach is stimulated to contract by low blood glucose levels, usually 12-24 hours after a meal

Answer 29

Hunger pangs

Question 30

Paste-like substance that forms when food begins to be broken down

Answer 30

Chyme

Question 31

Thick, ring of smooth muscle around the pyloric opening

Answer 31

Pyloric sphincter

Question 32

Distention of the stomach stimulates mechanoreceptors (stretch receptors) and activates a parasympathetic reflex

Answer 32

Gastric Phase

Question 33

25 cm long section containing absorptive cells, goblet cells, granular cells, endocrine cells, microvilli, and many folds

Answer 33

Duodenum

Question 34

2.5-meter-long section responsible for nutrient absorption

Answer 34

Jejunum

Question 35

A 3.5-meter-long section of the small intestine

Answer 35

Ileum

Question 36

Its function is to absorb water from indigestible food and contains the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

Answer 36

Large Intestine

Question 37

Joins the small intestine at the ileocecal junction and has the appendix attached

Answer 37

Cecum

Question 38

Fluid part moves to pyloric sphincter; solids back.

Answer 38

Chyme Movement

Question 39

9 cm structure, often surgically removed.

Answer 39

Appendix

Question 40

1.5-meter-long section of large intestine.

Answer 40

Colon

Question 41

Straight tube from sigmoid to anal canal.

Answer 41

Rectum

Question 42

Last 2-3 cm of the digestive tract.

Answer 42

Anal Canal

Question 43

Composed of water, indigestible food, microbes.

Answer 43

Feces Product

Question 44

Microbes synthesize vitamin K in large intestine.

Answer 44

Microbial Activity

Question 45

Stronger waves moving chyme in orderly fashion.

Answer 45

Peristaltic Waves

Question 46

Weighs about 3 lbs; has four lobes.

Answer 46

Liver Anatomy

Question 47

Gateway for blood vessels, ducts, nerves.

Answer 47

Porta

Question 48

Transports bile out of the liver.

Answer 48

Hepatic Duct

Question 49

Formed from hepatic and cystic ducts.

Answer 49

Common Bile Duct

Question 50

6-meter-long organ; absorbs nutrients.

Answer 50

Small Intestine

Question 51

Produces digestive enzymes; located behind stomach.

Answer 51

Pancreas

Question 52

Stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich secretion.

Answer 52

Secretin

Question 53

Stimulates gallbladder to release bile.

Answer 53

Cholecystokinin

Question 54

Breakdown of food in stomach and mouth.

Answer 54

Digestion

Question 55

Moves food through digestive tract.

Answer 55

Propulsion

Question 56

Primarily occurs in duodenum and jejunum.

Answer 56

Absorption

Question 57

Elimination of waste as feces.

Answer 57

Defecation

Question 58

Dilutes stomach acid; breaks down fats.

Answer 58

Bile

Question 59

Bile salts break down lipids into smaller droplets.

Answer 59

Emulsification

Question 60

Formed by bile salts; aid lipid absorption.

Answer 60

Micelles

Question 61

Transport lipids via lymphatic system.

Answer 61

Chylomicrons

Question 62

Active transport into cells with GH and insulin.

Answer 62

Amino Acid Transport

Question 63

Ingestion: 2L; Salivary: 1.5L; Gastric: 2L.

Answer 63

Fluid Volumes

Question 64

99% of water entering intestine is absorbed.

Answer 64

Water Absorption

Question 65

Minerals actively transported across intestinal wall.

Answer 65

Mineral Transport