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Anaphy Midterm > Lecture 6 – Somatic and Special Senses > Flashcards

Lecture 6 – Somatic and Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Olfaction

A

Sense of Smell

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2
Q

receptors for olfaction and the olfactory pathway to the brain.

A

Olfaction (sense of smell)

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3
Q

Gustation

A

Sense of Taste

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4
Q

receptors for gustation and the gustatory pathway to the brain.

A

Gustation (sense of taste)

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5
Q

accessory structures of the eye, the layers of the eyeball, the lens, the interior of the eyeball, image formation, and binocular vision. It describes the receptors for vision and the visual pathway to the brain.

A

Vision

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6
Q

structures of the external, middle, and internal ear. It describes the receptors for hearing and equilibrium and outline their pathways to the brain.

A

Hearing and Equilibrium

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7
Q

Somatic senses and Visceral senses

A

General Senses

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8
Q

Tactile (touch, pressure, vibration); Thermal (warm and cold); Pain; Proprioceptive

A

Somatic senses

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9
Q

conditions within internal organs

A

Visceral senses

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10
Q

Smell, Taste, Vision, Hearing, and Equilibrium (balance)

A

Special Senses

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11
Q

conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment.

A

Sensation

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12
Q

Must satisfy the four conditions

A

Sensation

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13
Q

stimulus getting to the brain

A

Sensation

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14
Q
  1. Stimulus must occur and activate a receptor. 2. Receptor must convert the stimulus into nerve impulses. 3. Nerve impulse must be conducted to the brain. 4. Brain must receive and integrate the nerve impulses into a SENSATION.
A

FOUR Conditions for SENSATION to Occur

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15
Q

conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations and is primarily a function of the cerebral cortex

A

Perception

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16
Q

how the cerebral cortex interprets the sensation

A

Perception

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17
Q

Characteristic of MOST sensory receptors

A

Adaptation

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18
Q

Decrease in the strength of sensation during prolonged stimulus because of decrease in responsiveness of receptors.

A

Adaptation

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19
Q

Perception of a sensation may _____________ even though the stimulus persists.

A

fade or disappear

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20
Q

Rapidly Adapting and Slowly Adapting

A

Two Variations of Adaptation

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21
Q

pressure, touch, smell

A

Rapidly Adapting

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22
Q

pain, body position, chemical composition of the blood

A

Slowly Adapting

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23
Q

detect mechanical pressure; provide sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, and hearing and equilibrium; also monitor stretching of blood vessels and internal organs

A

Mechanoreceptors

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24
Q

detect changes in temperature.

A

Thermoreceptors

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25
Q

respond to painful stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue

A

Nociceptors

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26
Q

detect light that strikes the retina of the eye

A

Photoreceptors

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27
Q

detect chemicals in mouth (taste), nose (smell), and body fluids

A

Chemoreceptors

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28
Q

sense the osmotic pressure of body fluids

A

Osmoreceptors

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29
Q

allow us to know where our head and limbs are located and how they are moving even if we are not looking at them.

A

Proprioceptive Sensation

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30
Q

the eye and its disorders

A

Ophthalmology

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31
Q

the science that deals with the ears, nose, and throat and their disorders.

A

Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

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32
Q

where gustatory receptor cells are located.

A

Taste Buds

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33
Q

substance to be tasted

A

Dissolved in Saliva

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34
Q

salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami.

A

Five Primary Tastes

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35
Q

taste receptors are located

A

Taste buds

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36
Q

taste buds are located

A

Tongue Papillae

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37
Q

found 10,000 taste buds

A

Tongue

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38
Q

pharynx, epiglottis

A

Roof of the Mouth

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39
Q

about 12 that contain 100- 300 taste buds

A

Vallate papillae

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40
Q

scattered over the tongue with about 5 taste buds each

A

Fungiform papillae

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41
Q

located in lateral trenches of the tongue—most of their taste buds degenerate in early childhood.

A

Foliate papillae

42
Q

cover the entire surface of the tongue. Contain tactile receptors but no taste buds.

A

Filiform papillae

43
Q

dissolved in the saliva and enter taste pores.

A

Tastant

44
Q

shade the eyes during sleep, protect the eyes from excessive light and foreign objects, and spread lubricating secretions over the eyeballs.

A

Upper And Lower Eyelids or Palpebrae

45
Q

more movable than the lower and contains in its superior region the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.

A

Upper Eyelid

46
Q

space between the upper and lower eyelids that exposes the eyeball.

A

Palpebral Fissure

47
Q

narrower and closer to the temporal bone

A

Lateral Commissure

48
Q

broader and nearer the nasal bone

A

Medial Commissure

49
Q

contains sebaceous (oil) glands and sudoriferous (sweat) glands. The whitish material that sometimes collects in the medial commissure comes from these glands.

A

Lacrimal Caruncle

50
Q

thick fold of connective tissue that gives form and support to the eyelids.

A

Tarsal Plate

51
Q

is a thin, protective mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera.

A

Conjunctiva

52
Q

cornea and sclera

A

Fibrous Tunic

53
Q

choroid, ciliary body and iris

A

Vascular Tunic

54
Q

colored portion of the eyeball and controls the size of the pupil based on autonomic reflexes.

A

Iris

55
Q

Inner coat of the eyeball and beginning of the visual pathway

A

Retina

56
Q

Pigmented layer and Photoreceptors

A

2 layers of Retina

57
Q

Contains melanin and Absorbs stray light

A

Pigmented layer

58
Q

Rods and Cones

A

Photoreceptors

59
Q

shades of gray in dim light; 120 million; absent in fovea, more numerous in the periphery of the retina; 6-600 : 1 bipolar cell

A

Rods

60
Q

stimulated by brighter light; highly acute color vision; blue, green, red cones; 6 million; most dense in fovea centralis (area of highest visual acuity); 1:1 bipolar cell higher acuity

A

Cones

61
Q

Divided into an anterior chamber and a posterior chamber by the iris (colored portion of the eyeball).

A

Anterior Cavity

62
Q

Both chambers are filled with aqueous humor (a clear, watery liquid)

A

Anterior Cavity

63
Q

Aka vitreous chamber

A

Posterior Cavity

64
Q

Filled with vitreous humor (transparent, gelatinous substance)

A

Posterior Cavity

65
Q

focus image on the retina

A

Cornea and Lens

66
Q

total refraction occurs at the cornea

A

75%

67
Q

further refracts the light rays so that they come into exact focus on the retina

A

lens

68
Q

Images focused on the retina are inverted and right-to-left reversed due to

A

refraction

69
Q

The brain corrects the

A

image

70
Q

to properly focus the object.

A

lens must accommodate

71
Q

site of sharpest vision

A

Central fovea

72
Q

refract light correctly and focus a clear image on the retina.

A

Normal (Emmetropic eye)

73
Q

Emmetropic eye

A

Normal eye

74
Q

sufficiently refract light rays from an object 6 m (20 ft)

A

Normal (Emmetropic eye)

75
Q

near sightedness

A

Myopia

76
Q

eyeball is longer than it should be and the image converges (narrows down to a sharp focal point) in front of the retina.

A

Myopia

77
Q

people see close objects better

A

Myopia

78
Q

concave lens is used to correct the vision

A

Myopia

79
Q

farsightedness, hypermetropia

A

Hyperopia

80
Q

eyeball is shorter than it should be and the image converges behind the retina.

A

Hyperopia

81
Q

individuals can see distant objects better

A

Hyperopia

82
Q

convex lens is used to correct this abnormality

A

Hyperopia

83
Q

lens use in Myopia and Hyperopia

A

Concave and Convex lens

84
Q

irregular curvature. Condition where either the cornea or the lens (or both) has an irregular curve and causes blurred or distorted vision

A

Astigmatism

85
Q

auricle (pinna), external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane (eardrum).

A

External ear

86
Q

captures sound

A

auricle

87
Q

transmits sound to the eardrum

A

external auditory canal

88
Q

secrete cerumen (earwax) to protect the canal and eardrum

A

ceruminous glands

89
Q

auditory (eustachian) tube, ossicles, and oval window

A

Middle ear

90
Q

malleus, incus, stapes

A

3 auditory ossicles

91
Q

transmitted from the eardrum through these 3 bones to the oval window into which the stapes fits.

A

sound vibrations

92
Q

extends from the middle ear into the nasopharynx to regulate air pressure in the middle ear

A

eustachian tube

93
Q

AKA Bony labyrinth and Membranous labyrinth.

A

Internal ear

94
Q

contains the spiral organ (organ of corti), the organ of hearing.

A

Internal ear

95
Q

translates vibrations into neural impulses that the brain can interpret as sound.

A

Cochlea

96
Q

contains utricle and saccule

A

Vestibule

97
Q

work with the cerebellum for balance and equilibrium

A

Semicircular canals

98
Q

Utricle and Saccule

A

Static Equilibrium

99
Q

linear horizontal motion

A

Utricle

100
Q

linear vertical motion

A

Saccule

101
Q

Semicircular Canals and rotational acceleration or deceleration

A

Dynamic Equilibrium

Anaphy Midterm (5 decks)

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