Lecture 10 – Lymphatic System

Question 1

Reduce iron availability to microbes.

Answer 1

Iron-binding proteins

Question 2

Directly kill microbes.

Answer 2

Antimicrobial peptides

Question 3

Ability to fight off pathogens and prevent disease. Uses a combination of physical, chemical, and cellular defenses to maintain health.

Answer 3

Immunity

Question 4

Nonspecific immunity present at birth; immediate response; general.

Answer 4

Innate immunity

Question 5

Body’s nonspecific response to tissue damage, which helps recruit immune cells to the site of damage and increases blood flow and permeability.

Answer 5

Inflammation

Question 6

Redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Answer 6

Signs of inflammation

Question 7

Specific immunity that develops after exposure to specific pathogens; slower but precise; involves learning to recognize and remember pathogens for future defense.

Answer 7

Adaptive immunity

Question 8

Increases interferon effectiveness; inhibits microbial growth; speeds up body reactions.

Answer 8

Fever

Question 9

Skin and mucous membranes; serve as the first line of defense by blocking pathogen entry.

Answer 9

Physical Barriers

Question 10

Foreign substances triggering immune response.

Answer 10

Antigens

Question 11

Substances that inhibit or destroy microbes.

Answer 11

Chemical Barriers

Question 12

T cells directly attack invaders.

Answer 12

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 13

Includes phagocytes, natural killer cells, complement system, and interferons.

Answer 13

Cellular Defenses

Question 14

B cells produce antibodies.

Answer 14

Antibody-mediated immunity

Question 15

Skin and mucous membranes.

Answer 15

First line of defense

Question 16

Antimicrobial substances, inflammation, fever.

Answer 16

Second line of defense

Question 17

Processes that maintain fluid levels and transport lipids.

Answer 17

Fluid Balance and Lipid Transport

Question 18

Prevents tissue swelling by returning fluid to the bloodstream.

Answer 18

Drains Excess Interstitial Fluid

Question 19

Trap microbes.

Answer 19

Mucous Membranes

Question 20

Expel trapped microbes.

Answer 20

Cilia and mucus

Question 21

Fats absorbed from the digestive system are carried by the lymph.

Answer 21

Transports Dietary Lipids

Question 22

Engulf and destroy pathogens.

Answer 22

Phagocytes

Question 23

Destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Answer 23

Natural killer cells

Question 24

Develop in bone marrow and produce antibodies.

Answer 24

B Cells

Question 25

Mature in the thymus, involved in cell-mediated immunity, and attack infected cells directly.

Answer 25

T Cells

Question 26

Proteins that prevent viral replication.

Answer 26

Interferons

Question 27

Clear fluid similar to blood plasma. It circulates through the lymphatic vessels.

Answer 27

Lymph

Question 28

Enhances immune response, leading to pathogen lysis.

Answer 28

Complement system

Question 29

Thin-walled structures that transport lymph throughout the body.

Answer 29

Lymphatic Vessels

Question 30

Filter lymph and house immune cells like B and T cells.

Answer 30

Lymph Nodes

Question 31

Skeletal muscles contracting and relaxing, which helps propel lymph through the lymphatic vessels.

Answer 31

Skeletal Muscle Pump

Question 32

Changes in pressure during breathing that facilitate the movement of lymph.

Answer 32

Respiratory Pump

Question 33

Small, blind-ended vessels that absorb interstitial fluid.

Answer 33

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 34

Helps circulate immune cells to areas of infection or injury.

Answer 34

Lymphatic Flow

Question 35

Drain lymph into the bloodstream, returning it to circulation.

Answer 35

Thoracic Duct and Right Lymphatic Duct

Question 36

Organs where lymphocytes mature.

Answer 36

Primary Lymphatic Organs

Question 37

Located in flat bones and ends of long bones; produces mature B cells and immature T cells.

Answer 37

Red Bone Marrow

Question 38

Site where immature T cells migrate to mature into functional T cells.

Answer 38

Thymus

Question 39

Organs where immune responses are activated.

Answer 39

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

Question 40

Concentrated near mammary glands, axillae, and groin.

Answer 40

Lymph Nodes (secondary)

Question 41

Drains lymph into right internal jugular and subclavian veins.

Answer 41

Right Lymphatic Duct

Question 42

Largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body.

Answer 42

Spleen

Question 43

Drains lymph into left internal jugular and subclavian veins.

Answer 43

Thoracic Duct

Question 44

Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue without a capsule.

Answer 44

Lymphatic Nodules

Question 45

Small vessels merging to form larger lymphatic vessels.

Answer 45

Lymphatic Capillaries

Question 46

Bring lymph into lymph nodes.

Answer 46

Afferent Vessels

Question 47

Allow lymph to exit lymph nodes.

Answer 47

Efferent Vessels

Question 48

Bind to antigens, neutralizing pathogens.

Answer 48

Antibodies

Question 49

Most common immunoglobulin providing long-term immunity.

Answer 49

IgG

Question 50

Found in mucous membranes, protecting body surfaces.

Answer 50

IgA

Question 51

First antibody produced during an immune response.

Answer 51

IgM

Question 52

Involved in B cell activation.

Answer 52

IgD

Question 53

Associated with allergic reactions.

Answer 53

IgE

Question 54

Persist after infection for faster response.

Answer 54

Memory Cells

Question 55

Introduces harmless antigens to stimulate immunity.

Answer 55

Vaccination

Question 56

Lymphocytes multiply to fight specific antigens.

Answer 56

Clonal Selection

Question 57

Actively fight infection in the body.

Answer 57

Effector Cells

Question 58

Antibodies attacking the body's own cells.

Answer 58

Autoantibodies

Question 59

Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

Answer 59

Helper T Cells

Question 60

Destroy infected cells directly.

Answer 60

Cytotoxic T Cells

Question 61

Decline in immune function with age.

Answer 61

Aging and Immunity

Question 62

Regular vaccinations boost immunity in elderly.

Answer 62

Elderly Vaccinations