Lecture 7: Dairy Production Medicine Flashcards
What is grade A milk
Consumer safe in whatever form it comes in
What is Grade A class I milk
Beverages- fluid milk
What is grade A class II milk
Soft products- heavy cream, sour cream, cottage cheese, ricotta, yogurt
Frozen dairy products- ice cream, frozen yogurt
What are grade A class III milk products
Cheese- cream cheese, spreadable cheese, hard cheese
What are grade A class IV milk products
Butter and powder products
What primarily drives cost of milk, what wholesale commodity
Cheese, butter, dry milk products
How many lactations until a cow has paid for themselves
2-3 (5yrs old)
Describe the steps from calf—> milking at dairy production
- Calves—> females separated from mom at birth and bull calves sent to feedlot
- Heifer calf are weaned from hutches at 8 weeks old to group housing
- Bred at 14-15 months
- Gestation 285 days
- Birth and lactation
At what age are dairy calves weaned
8 weeks
At what age are dairy cows bred
14-15 months
When does a calf transition from heifer calf to heifer
Heifer calf until 8 weeks old and weaned
After that considered heifer
When is heifer considered a cow
After birth of first calf
What is a very common site of infection in heifer calves
Umbilical cord
What % BW must heifer calves be bottle fed at minimum
10-15%
What is the benefit of adding ad lib water, ad lib grain/grass hay
Help develop their rumen and prepare them for future diet
When do you vaccinate heifer calves
6 weeks
What infectious diseases are you most worried about in calves from 0-8 weeks
Diarrhea
What disease are you most worried about in weaned calves
Bovine respiratory disease complex
What are the 2 different ways dairy heifers can be housed
- Heifer raising facility (until pregnant)
- Pasture, dry lot
What is the goal of heifer production prior to breeding
Grow without becoming over-conditioned because increase risk of dystocia
Breed heifers at __% mature weight around ___lbs
65%, 750lbs
When do you want heifers to have their first calf
22-24 month old (~2yrs)
What are the housing options for lactating cows
Pasture, dry lot, free stalls
What food do lactating cows get
Total mixed ration (TMR)
What is TMR
Higher energy and protein food to ensure they can get what they need to maintain pregnancy and produce large amounts of milk
What is commonly included in TMR
Hay, corn, soybean meal, minerals, vitamins, almond hulls
What does freshening mean
Calving
What is the timeline for early lactation period
Day 0 (Calving)-100
When is peak milk produced after calving
Days 45-90
What is the timeline for mid lactation period
Day 100-200
What happens during mid lactation
- Milk yield starts gradually decreases
- Eating more foods so putting back on weight
What is timeline for late lactation period
Days 200-305
What happens during late lactation period
- Mild yield decreases
2.BW continues to improve for next lactation (hopefully pregnant by this point)
What is the dry off period
Days 305-365
What happens in dry off period
- No longer milked
- Prepare for calving and next lactation
- Monitor BCS
When does the close up period take place
3 weeks before calving (21 days)
What happens during close up period
Move cows closer to dairy so you can monitor for early calving, adapt lactation diet (increase protein and energy source)
How many times a day do lactating dairy cows need to be milked
2-3 times a day
How do you prepare the udder for milking
- Remove dirt
- Pre dip- remove environmental pathogens
- Strip teat
- Wipe off dip
- Attach milked
- Post dip- remove contagious pathogens
How many days is lactation standardized to in the U.S. Dairy industry
305 days
**60 days not lactating- dry off period
What are some health issues commonly seen during lactation
- Mastitis
- Milk Fever
- Ketosis
- Negative energy balance
