Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PVM III > Lecture 5: Introduction to herd Health > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Introduction to herd Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is herd health management

A

Practice in which methods are used to optimize health, welfare and production in a population

  • treat sick animal with a big picture perspective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 2 preventative measures that can be taken to promote herd health

A
  1. Good nutrition
  2. Clean environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are two basic strategies to promote herd health

A
  1. Biosecurity
  2. Biocontainment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is biosecurity

A

Exclude and prevent disease from entering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is biocontainment

A

Control or eliminate disease that is already present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is ideal biosecurity

A

Close herd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A closed herd does not have what 7 things

A
  1. No purchasing new livestock
  2. No co-mingling stock
  3. No wildlife exposure
  4. No neighbors with livestock
  5. No bad fences
  6. Don’t use commercial livestock haulers
  7. Don’t go to livestock fairs or shows
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can you tell by looking at this cows nose

A

Not feeling well, healthy cows keep noses clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Case example: 5-7 month old heifers experiencing anorexia, depression, conjunctivitis, fever, nasal discharge, nasal plaques, dry cough, hyperemic noses. What is a common respiratory disease of cattle that is a potential differential here

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you confirm infectious bovine rhinotracheitis dx

A

PCR on nasal swabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 big respiratory viruses in cattle

A
  1. Bovine herpes virus 1 (aka IBR)
  2. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
  3. Parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3)
  4. Bovine coronavirus
  5. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 major factors that can contribute to the development of bovine respiratory disease complex

A
  1. Virus
  2. Stress
    3 secondary bacterial infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 general categories of beef cattle production groups

A
  1. Cow/calf farms
  2. Backgrounding or stocker
  3. Finishing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens at backgrounding or stocker beef cattle farms

A

After calves are weaned they will continue to graze on pasture and may receive supplemental feed to help it grow and mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens at finishing beef cattle productions

A

Cattle will feed on roughage and grain in order to meet nutritional requirements. Cattle may be finished on grass or grain. After 4-6 months when market weight is met they are ready for harvest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the basic dairy production groups

A
  1. Birth—> 3 months kept in calving hutches
  2. Animal from 3–> 26 months, begin breeding them
  3. Milk production- first calving at 37 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When do dairy cattle usually have their first calf

A

37 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is mastitis

A

Inflammation of mammary gland as a result of intramammary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is cow related mastitis

A

Bacteria are found in the udder and sometimes on the cow itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How would you manage cow related mastitis

A
  1. Make sure hands of milker are clean
  2. Use udder clothes
  3. Clean and functioning milk machine
  4. Teat disinfection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is environment related mastitis

A

Bacteria grow and multiply in the environment of the cow

22
Q

How do you manage environment related mastitis

A
  1. Good environmental hygiene
  2. Teat disinfection
23
Q

What is subclinical mastitis

A

Cows are producing milk, looks normal but decrease production, so economic loss

24
Q

What is clinical mastitis

A

Abnormal milk production

25
Q

How do you diagnose subclinical mastitis

A
  1. California mastitis test
  2. Milk culture
26
Q

Case example: milk culture came back with S. Aureus (contagious mastitis) what production areas can we look at to control the spread

A
  1. Hands of milker
  2. Are they using an udder cloth
  3. Functioning and clean milk machine
  4. Disinfect teat
27
Q

Case example: flock exam of sheep who are quiet, fecal staining, low BCS, bottle jaw and FAMACHA score 4-5. What are some potential differentials

A

Parasites, specifically haemonchus contortus causing anemia

28
Q

Who do we treat on FAMACHA card

A

Don’t usually treat scores 1-2, will treat 3-5 or euthanize

29
Q

What type of parasite is haemonchus contortus

A

Strongyle

30
Q

What can we do to the grass to control the spread of H. Contortus

A

Keep grass short, as L3 (infective stage) climb up onto the tips of grass and then are ingested by host

31
Q

What are the core vaccines in cattle

A
  1. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
  2. Bovine viral diarrhea virus
  3. Parainfluenza virus
  4. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
  5. Clostridial vaccines
32
Q

What are the core vaccines for sheep and camelids

A

CD and T (C. perfringens type C and D and tetanus toxoid)

33
Q

What is a noncore vaccine for sheep and camelids

A

Rabies

34
Q

What are the common vaccines for production pigs

A
  1. Erysipelas
  2. Leptospirosis
  3. Parvovirus
  4. Colibacillosis

*varies from farm to farm

35
Q

What are the core vaccines in potbellied pigs

A

Erysipelas and CD and T

36
Q

What are magnets used for

A

Prevent hardware disease so we don’t rupture reticulum and through diaphragm to cause endocarditis

37
Q

What tags are used in brucellosis vaccination

A

Orange tags

38
Q

Is brucellosis vaccine modified live or killed

A

Modified live

39
Q

Who receives brucellosis vaccine

A

Heifers between 4-12 months old

40
Q

Why is it important to vaccinate cattle for brucellosis at young age between 4-12 months

A

It can cause abortion since it is a modified live vaccine

41
Q

T or F: brucellosis vaccine is administered to males and females

A

False, not males will cause orchitis

42
Q

Who is allowed to perform TB test

A

USDA accredited veterinarian

43
Q

What is TB testing important for

A

Movement, milk quality assurance programs

44
Q

How do you perform TB test

A
  1. Inject purified protein derivative tuberculin
  2. Using 1mL syringe and 25 g needle
  3. Administer 01.mL in caudal tail fold
45
Q

What do you do if you get reaction to TB test (swelling)

A

Suspect animal, call state vet

46
Q

What are some examples of reportable diseases in cattle

A
  1. Foot and mouth disease
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Scarpie
  4. Mad cow
47
Q

What are the 3 landmarks for SQ, IV and IM injections

A
  1. Jugular furrow
  2. Cranial aspect of scapula/shoulder
  3. Spinal column
48
Q

Why do we do injections in the neck

A

Meat quality assurance, no valuable cut of meat in the neck

do not do any injections anywhere else in body

49
Q

Where do you do IM and SQ injections in camelids and small ruminants

A

SQ: right in front of shoulder or axilla
IM: neck and tricep area

50
Q

Where do you not want to put an injection in the hind end for small ruminants, camelids and pigs

A

Hamstrings, near sciatic nerve

PVM III (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions