Lecture 7: Classification of Fruits and Veg Flashcards
(40 cards)
define fruit from a botanical viewpoint
- developed ovary of a flower
- product of determinate growth from an angiospermous flower or inflorescence
what does the botanical viewpoint of fruit not include?
- does not include what arises from growth of a receptacle (eg. apples and strawberries)
what does the botanical viewpoint of fruit include, which are no commonly considered fruits?
nuts
grains
legumes
common veg: cucumber, tomato, peas, beans, eggplat
define the consumer point of view of fruits
plant products with aromatic flavors which are naturally or normally sweetened before eating
define the consumer’s point of view of vegetables
soft edible plant products that are commonly salted, not sweetened, cooked and eaten with meat or fish dishes
the plant part that gives rise to a veg is readily recognized from its ____
appearance
artichoke is a _____
asparagus is a ____
spinach is a ___
carrot is a ____
flower bud
steam sprout
leaf blade
root
fruits may be classified ____ or ___ grounds into several distinct types
structural or morphological
fleshy fruits are classified as what?
drupe berry pome hesperidium pepo synconium sorosis
how do dry fruits mature naturally?
what does this include?
in the dry state
includes cereals (wheat, barley, rice…) and nuts
legumes are part of which group? what are they considered as?
belongs to fruit group
but considered veg
what are carpels?
what types are there?
- individual seed bearing structures of the flower
- may be separate from each other (apocarpus) or fused together (symcarpous)
- collectively constitutes “gynoecium”
describe the ovary
seed containing cavity of a carpel
- the wall of the ovary develops into the pericarp of the fruit
where does the pericarp (fleshy part) of the fruit develop from?
the wall of the ovary
the edible fleshy part of a fruit developed from what usually?
what else can it derive from?
ovary wall
or the tissues of the receptacle (enlarged tip of the stem from which the floral organ arises)
what are bracts?
leaf-like structures protecting flowers
can also enlarge and become fleshy (eg. pineapples)
what are all the ways that the edible fleshy part (pericarp) can develop?
- wall of ovary (seed containing cavity of a carpel)
- tissues of the receptable (enlarged tip of the stem where the floral organ arises)
- other organs such as bracts (lead life structures protecting flowers)
describe drupe stone fruits
what are the different layers of the pericarp?
what are examples?
- single seeded stone fruit demonstrating morpholigcal evolution
- developed form single carpel
layers:
- epicarp (thin outer skin)
- mesocarp (flashy middle layer)
- endocarp (thick hard shell) surrounding single seed
ex: cherry, peach, apricot, plum
what are aggregates of druplets
examples?
- developed from single apocarpous flower with several carpels or several druplets
- raspberries and blackberries
describe a berry
ex?
consists of a simple morphological structure w/ a thin skin enclosing a juicy flesh containing many seeds
ex: grapes, bananas, currants, blueberries, papayas
what are pome fruits. examples?
what are aggregated pomes?
flesh developed from the fleshy receptable which surrounds a harder core containing seed (ex: apples and pears)
aggregated pome:
- ex stawberry
- aggregate of single seeded fruits like drupes on a fleshy receptable
what are Hesperidium?
covers citrus fruits in a modified form of berries with a well developed endocarp
what does pepo include
examples?
fruits belonging to the cucumber family with a berry like characteristic but with a hard outer layer developed from the receptable
ex: melons, cantaloup, cucumber
what is synconium. Example?
group representing multiple (collective) morphological behavior
fruits with a hollow fleshy receptacle containing fruits from several individual flowers
ex: fig
