lecture 7+8: musculo skeletal Flashcards
how does MS injuries come from overuse
repetive use (daily stress on tendond, bones, ligaments)
how does MS injuries come from tramatic
sudden and violentional
when do oversue injuries happen
cant pinpoint a time or day
when do traumatic ms injuries hap[en
during an accident
what are common joint sites for overuse injuries
leg
knee
shoulder
elbow
what areht eh common sites for traumatic injuries
everywhere
what are the overuse injruies warning signs
muscle stiff/soreness
bone joint pain
whole body fatigue.
what is the defition of etiology
describe the process through which an injury or diseaase originates
what are the 2 forces for MOI
1) external (injury)
2) internal (disease)
what are the mechanism forces that can cause ms injuries
compression (froce that crushes)
tension (force that pulls and stretches trissues)
shearing (force that moves across the parallel plane of fibers)
explain macrotaumatic events
single force
(ex: ankle spain, shoulder dislocation, knee strain)
ACUTE
EXPLAIN microtraumatic events
overuse
ex: carpal tunnel ,tennis elbow, golders elbow
- chronic
which even causes acute injury
macrotraumatic events
what pain is assocatied with msucle
cramping, dull, aching, worse witH RESISTED MOVEMENT
what pain is assoaicted with logaments/ joint capsules
cramping dull aching that gets worse with PASSIVE MOVEMENT
what pain is assocaited with nerve root
nerve root
sharp shooting
what pain is assocaited with nervres
nerves
sharp lightning like, travelling pain
what pain is assocaited with bone
deep
nagging
poorly locatlized
what pain is assocaited with fracure
sharp
severe
unable to take eight
what pain is assoatied with vasculature
throbbing
dissufe
what is the MOi for contusion
compression
what are the bases for rating severity based in ROM
1st: little to no resitrction to ROM
2: noticeable reduction to ROM
3: severe restriction
can you return with a 1st degress contusion
yes
whatis the convern with contusions
can lead to muscle strain
what are s+s of contusion
swelling
hematoma
acut
ecchymosys
explain first degree contision
sup tissues crushed
milk (if any) weakness
milk loss of function
no restricted ROm
eexplain second degree contusion
superfial and some deep tissue crushed
mild to mod weakness
moderate loss of function
dereasd ROM
explain 3rd degree contusions
deep tissues crushed, muscle rupture
mod to severe weakness
severe loss of function
severe decrease ROM
what is a sprain
stregnth/tear of lig
what is a straign
stretch/ tear of a muscle
what is the MOI for sprains and strans
tension for
where is the most common site for a strain tear
near musculotendonous junction
where is the common site for a sprain tear
sites will varu
what is the key factor in determining sprain and strain
magnitude of force and corss secrtional area
what are the 3 grades of sprained
1: small tears
2) large but incomplete tear
3) complete tear
what is more common, inversion vs eversion sprain
inversion (more space to do movement)
since fibular is lower it stops eversion
an inversion spray means an injury to…
LATERAL LIGS
an eversion sptain/strain means injury to …
meddial/deltoid ligaments
valgus stress causes the knee to move…
inwards
what is a common injury with valgus stress
AACl injury
medial collateral loig
varus stress causes theknee to move…
outwards
what are common injuryies with a varus force
pcl
lateral collateral
true or fasel: in 3rd degree strains, there is no pain in stretching/contraction
true because eveyrthing is torn
what are the chracteristics of a 1st degree strain
few fibiers torn milk weakneess, spaslm, loss of function and sweeling no paplape effect mild pain on contraction PAIN ON STRETCHED with decreaased ROM
what are the characteristics of 2nd degree strain
nearly half down moderate weakness, spasm ,swlling no palpate defect moderate/sever pain on contraction and stretnch decreased ROM
what are chacrateritis of 3rd degree straigns
all torn severe weakeness, spaasm, function, swelling palpable effect no pain on contact or stretch rom depends on swelling
if you tear a tendon of a muscle at the insertion you dont need surgery
false
if you tear a muscle at the origin, you ALWAYS need surgery
false, depends on the situatiin
if there is a milk strain, can the athelte go back
yes but need tape
will you do surgery for mcl
probably not but for acl yes
what are the classificaitons of msucle injuries
grade 1
grade 2
grade 3
what are the calssficiation for overuse injury
stage 1: pain only after activtiy
stage 2: pain during but doesnt restrict performatnce
stage 3: pain during and restrics
stage 4: chronic constant pain even at rest
what is a high ankle sprain
sydesmostic sprain
high than ankle, close to tibia and fibula ini interosseas
what is the MOI for a high ankle sprain
forced dorsi and eversion
what ligaments will be injuryed during high ankle sprain
interoesse and anteripr tibiofibular lig
what is more common, inversion or high ankle
inversion
why.do yu see alot of high ankle sprains in football and soccer
increased traction provided by turf
flexible celats
why do high ankles sprains that longer to heal;
the ligaments are bigger, thicker and bear more support.
what is the most common amount of weeks missed to high ankle sprain
3 weeks
what is the general on field assessment of atheltic injury
approach and abcs
HOPPS
hisotry
observation (looking for swelling, deformtions, discolouration
p: palpate genrally the structures
P; rule out any obviuos farctures and do range of motion (affected side only with proper movements)
special tests
what are the different methods to be carried offfield
walk
support
carried
on a board
explain HOPSS off field
history (sample opqrst) observation: expose and check for diff p:ROM (bilarterally with resisted) S: special tests for both side specficic palpation
if an athelte can return to play after strpain strain etc, what is needed
suppoert and protection
when should an athelete no be allowed to RTP
signigicant pain or decreased ROM
muscle weakness
positive special tests
symptoms getting worse
what is the treament for muscles and ligaments
RICE Rest (limit agravation, crutches) I: ice to decrease main compression elecate above heard
how should the compressive wrap be placed for sprains and strains
in shortenerd or. neutral postion
what is the compressive wrap position for contusion
stretched psotion
what arae the rules for a tensor bangage
apply distal to prox
check pmsc before and after
dont take off at night
overlap ur wraps
what is inflammation
bodys response to protect itself again
what are two 2 main fypes of imflatmmation
acute aand chrnoic
explain acute inflammation
comes from things lile
CUTS, ALLERGY, BURN, IRRITATINS, FORST BITE, TRAUMA
goes away within hours or days
explain chronic inflammation
comes from CV, arthritic, depression ,cancer, alzheiners
can least months and years evena fter the trigger is gone
what are the cardinal signs of inflmation
heat (only for extremetteis) erythema (redness) pain edema/swelling loss of fucntion
what is erythema
redness of skin caused by increased blood flow (hyperemia)
what are the 2 parts of the prcess of healing
1) regenetaion (proliferatio)2
2) repair (granulation, scar tissue)
what is the def of heling
replacement of destroyed tissue by living tissue in the body
what are the general healing phases
1) injury.bleeding phase
2) inflammatory response phase (0-4 days)
repart phase (4-6 weeks)
remodelling phase (3w to 2 years)
what is the acronym for heating/inflammtion
sharp
swelling, heat, altered function, redness, pain
what is the 1st phase and explain it
inflammatory response phase
lasts 0-4 fays
lookig for SHARP
infmattion of blood lymph, plasma edema
whatr is another name for the rice principle
pier princicle
pressure, ice, elevate,rest
explain the rest needed
decrease stress of affected injury but can train other non affected areas
want to protect the injury place
when do you use ice
acute
when do you use heat
chronic
should atheletes return to sport after applying ice
after ice you will be at a performance disadcatnge
use shorter cooling application
what are the affects of ice on returning to play
decrease in stregnth
adversly affected speed, power and agiility tasts
decreased upper limb dexiertery and accurary
how long should ice be left
less than 20 minutes20-60 minutes dependant on adipose tissue
what is the goal of ice
protect from fruther damage and decrease further swelling , pain, spsasm, neural inhibiton
true or false: reusable ice packs should be shred
false, transfer of baceria
true or false; instant ice packs should be used iwth cold wet towel
true, to better transfer the cold
gel backs should BLANK be applied directly to the skin
should not
what type of ice can be directly applied to the skin
crushed ice
whaaat should be put on top of ice
compress it with a towel or elastic wrap to insulte and compress it
what is the order of perceptoon after applying ice
cold
burning/tingling
aching/throb
numbness (after 5 min
what is the goal of putting compression
decreased swelling
should you use plastic wrap for rice
no
what is the fucntion of elevation
decrease pressure in local blood vessels
drainage of lumbaphtic system
how high should the limb be elevated
6-12 incheses against gravity above heart
how far should crutches be under armpit
2-3 fingers
what should the degree of arm flexion be on curtches
10-20
what should the total crutch length be
should equal the distance from the aimrpit to about 6 inchess in front of a show
true or false: crutches should lean into the axialla and rest weight on shoulders
false, carrying weight on axilla can cause contusions and nerve damamge
