lecture 7+8: musculo skeletal Flashcards
1
Q
how does MS injuries come from overuse
A
repetive use (daily stress on tendond, bones, ligaments)
2
Q
how does MS injuries come from tramatic
A
sudden and violentional
3
Q
when do oversue injuries happen
A
cant pinpoint a time or day
4
Q
when do traumatic ms injuries hap[en
A
during an accident
5
Q
what are common joint sites for overuse injuries
A
leg
knee
shoulder
elbow
6
Q
what areht eh common sites for traumatic injuries
A
everywhere
7
Q
what are the overuse injruies warning signs
A
muscle stiff/soreness
bone joint pain
whole body fatigue.
8
Q
what is the defition of etiology
A
describe the process through which an injury or diseaase originates
9
Q
what are the 2 forces for MOI
A
1) external (injury)
2) internal (disease)
10
Q
what are the mechanism forces that can cause ms injuries
A
compression (froce that crushes)
tension (force that pulls and stretches trissues)
shearing (force that moves across the parallel plane of fibers)
11
Q
explain macrotaumatic events
A
single force
(ex: ankle spain, shoulder dislocation, knee strain)
ACUTE
12
Q
EXPLAIN microtraumatic events
A
overuse
ex: carpal tunnel ,tennis elbow, golders elbow
- chronic
13
Q
which even causes acute injury
A
macrotraumatic events
14
Q
what pain is assocatied with msucle
A
cramping, dull, aching, worse witH RESISTED MOVEMENT
15
Q
what pain is assoaicted with logaments/ joint capsules
A
cramping dull aching that gets worse with PASSIVE MOVEMENT
16
Q
what pain is assocaited with nerve root
A
nerve root
sharp shooting
17
Q
what pain is assocaited with nervres
A
nerves
sharp lightning like, travelling pain
18
Q
what pain is assocaited with bone
A
deep
nagging
poorly locatlized
19
Q
what pain is assocaited with fracure
A
sharp
severe
unable to take eight
20
Q
what pain is assoatied with vasculature
A
throbbing
dissufe
21
Q
what is the MOi for contusion
A
compression
22
Q
what are the bases for rating severity based in ROM
A
1st: little to no resitrction to ROM
2: noticeable reduction to ROM
3: severe restriction
23
Q
can you return with a 1st degress contusion
A
yes
24
Q
whatis the convern with contusions
A
can lead to muscle strain
25
what are s+s of contusion
swelling
hematoma
acut
ecchymosys
26
explain first degree contision
sup tissues crushed
milk (if any) weakness
milk loss of function
no restricted ROm
27
eexplain second degree contusion
superfial and some deep tissue crushed
mild to mod weakness
moderate loss of function
dereasd ROM
28
explain 3rd degree contusions
deep tissues crushed, muscle rupture
mod to severe weakness
severe loss of function
severe decrease ROM
29
what is a sprain
stregnth/tear of lig
30
what is a straign
stretch/ tear of a muscle
31
what is the MOI for sprains and strans
tension for
32
where is the most common site for a strain tear
near musculotendonous junction
33
where is the common site for a sprain tear
sites will varu
34
what is the key factor in determining sprain and strain
magnitude of force and corss secrtional area
35
what are the 3 grades of sprained
1: small tears
2) large but incomplete tear
3) complete tear
36
what is more common, inversion vs eversion sprain
inversion (more space to do movement)
| since fibular is lower it stops eversion
37
an inversion spray means an injury to...
LATERAL LIGS
38
an eversion sptain/strain means injury to ...
meddial/deltoid ligaments
39
valgus stress causes the knee to move...
inwards
40
what is a common injury with valgus stress
AACl injury
| medial collateral loig
41
varus stress causes theknee to move...
outwards
42
what are common injuryies with a varus force
pcl
| lateral collateral
43
true or fasel: in 3rd degree strains, there is no pain in stretching/contraction
true because eveyrthing is torn
44
what are the chracteristics of a 1st degree strain
```
few fibiers torn
milk weakneess, spaslm, loss of function and sweeling
no paplape effect
mild pain on contraction
PAIN ON STRETCHED with decreaased ROM
```
45
what are the characteristics of 2nd degree strain
```
nearly half down
moderate weakness, spasm ,swlling
no palpate defect
moderate/sever pain on contraction and stretnch
decreased ROM
```
46
what are chacrateritis of 3rd degree straigns
```
all torn
severe weakeness, spaasm, function, swelling
palpable effect
no pain on contact or stretch
rom depends on swelling
```
47
if you tear a tendon of a muscle at the insertion you dont need surgery
false
48
if you tear a muscle at the origin, you ALWAYS need surgery
false, depends on the situatiin
49
if there is a milk strain, can the athelte go back
yes but need tape
50
will you do surgery for mcl
probably not but for acl yes
51
what are the classificaitons of msucle injuries
grade 1
grade 2
grade 3
52
what are the calssficiation for overuse injury
stage 1: pain only after activtiy
stage 2: pain during but doesnt restrict performatnce
stage 3: pain during and restrics
stage 4: chronic constant pain even at rest
53
what is a high ankle sprain
sydesmostic sprain
| high than ankle, close to tibia and fibula ini interosseas
54
what is the MOI for a high ankle sprain
forced dorsi and eversion
55
what ligaments will be injuryed during high ankle sprain
interoesse and anteripr tibiofibular lig
56
what is more common, inversion or high ankle
inversion
57
why.do yu see alot of high ankle sprains in football and soccer
increased traction provided by turf
| flexible celats
58
why do high ankles sprains that longer to heal;
the ligaments are bigger, thicker and bear more support.
59
what is the most common amount of weeks missed to high ankle sprain
3 weeks
60
what is the general on field assessment of atheltic injury
approach and abcs
HOPPS
hisotry
observation (looking for swelling, deformtions, discolouration
p: palpate genrally the structures
P; rule out any obviuos farctures and do range of motion (affected side only with proper movements)
special tests
61
what are the different methods to be carried offfield
walk
support
carried
on a board
62
explain HOPSS off field
```
history (sample opqrst)
observation: expose and check for diff
p:ROM (bilarterally with resisted)
S: special tests for both side
specficic palpation
```
63
if an athelte can return to play after strpain strain etc, what is needed
suppoert and protection
64
when should an athelete no be allowed to RTP
signigicant pain or decreased ROM
muscle weakness
positive special tests
symptoms getting worse
65
what is the treament for muscles and ligaments
```
RICE
Rest (limit agravation, crutches)
I: ice to decrease main
compression
elecate above heard
```
66
how should the compressive wrap be placed for sprains and strains
in shortenerd or. neutral postion
67
what is the compressive wrap position for contusion
stretched psotion
68
what arae the rules for a tensor bangage
apply distal to prox
check pmsc before and after
dont take off at night
overlap ur wraps
69
what is inflammation
bodys response to protect itself again
70
what are two 2 main fypes of imflatmmation
acute aand chrnoic
71
explain acute inflammation
comes from things lile
CUTS, ALLERGY, BURN, IRRITATINS, FORST BITE, TRAUMA
goes away within hours or days
72
explain chronic inflammation
comes from CV, arthritic, depression ,cancer, alzheiners
| can least months and years evena fter the trigger is gone
73
what are the cardinal signs of inflmation
```
heat (only for extremetteis)
erythema (redness)
pain
edema/swelling
loss of fucntion
```
74
what is erythema
redness of skin caused by increased blood flow (hyperemia)
75
what are the 2 parts of the prcess of healing
1) regenetaion (proliferatio)2
| 2) repair (granulation, scar tissue)
76
what is the def of heling
replacement of destroyed tissue by living tissue in the body
77
what are the general healing phases
1) injury.bleeding phase
2) inflammatory response phase (0-4 days)
repart phase (4-6 weeks)
remodelling phase (3w to 2 years)
78
what is the acronym for heating/inflammtion
sharp
| swelling, heat, altered function, redness, pain
79
what is the 1st phase and explain it
inflammatory response phase
lasts 0-4 fays
lookig for SHARP
infmattion of blood lymph, plasma edema
80
whatr is another name for the rice principle
pier princicle
| pressure, ice, elevate,rest
81
explain the rest needed
decrease stress of affected injury but can train other non affected areas
want to protect the injury place
82
when do you use ice
acute
83
when do you use heat
chronic
84
should atheletes return to sport after applying ice
after ice you will be at a performance disadcatnge
| use shorter cooling application
85
what are the affects of ice on returning to play
decrease in stregnth
adversly affected speed, power and agiility tasts
decreased upper limb dexiertery and accurary
86
how long should ice be left
less than 20 minutes20-60 minutes dependant on adipose tissue
87
what is the goal of ice
protect from fruther damage and decrease further swelling , pain, spsasm, neural inhibiton
88
true or false: reusable ice packs should be shred
false, transfer of baceria
89
true or false; instant ice packs should be used iwth cold wet towel
true, to better transfer the cold
90
gel backs should BLANK be applied directly to the skin
should not
91
what type of ice can be directly applied to the skin
crushed ice
92
whaaat should be put on top of ice
compress it with a towel or elastic wrap to insulte and compress it
93
what is the order of perceptoon after applying ice
cold
burning/tingling
aching/throb
numbness (after 5 min
94
what is the goal of putting compression
decreased swelling
95
should you use plastic wrap for rice
no
96
what is the fucntion of elevation
decrease pressure in local blood vessels
| drainage of lumbaphtic system
97
how high should the limb be elevated
6-12 incheses against gravity above heart
98
how far should crutches be under armpit
2-3 fingers
99
what should the degree of arm flexion be on curtches
10-20
100
what should the total crutch length be
should equal the distance from the aimrpit to about 6 inchess in front of a show
101
true or false: crutches should lean into the axialla and rest weight on shoulders
false, carrying weight on axilla can cause contusions and nerve damamge
