lecture 12: heat regulation Flashcards
factors that effect exposure to thermoregulatory injuries
physical condition
age
nutrition and hydration
environment
how does the body lose heat (5 ways)
radiation (body heaet emitted to envinroment)
convection (air close to skin moves away taking hear with it)
conduction (dircet contact witth another surface
evaporation (sweat)
respiration
what are causes of burns
chemicals
heat
electricty
radiation
explain 1st degree burn
superfical (top later)
ex: sunburn
explain 2nd degee burn
partical thickness
blisters
explain 3rd degree burns
full thcickess
black or whitte charred tissue
true or false: use ointment or petrolum products on burn
false
what is the treatment for a burn
flush with cold water for 15 minutes
cover with loose dry steril dressing
what are the 4 exertional heat illnesses
heat symcope
heat cramps
heat exhaustion
heat stroke
what is heat syncope
orthostatic dizziness
dehydration, low BP, venous pooling
SS of heat symcope
brief fainting dizzy tunnel vision pale/sweating low HR
treament of heat symcope
shade vitals cool skin elevate legs above heart hydrate
true or false: heat cramps are sign that body is starting to overheat
true
what are heat cramps
painful muscle spasms after vig excersize
what are contributing factors to heat cramps
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
fatigue
altered neuromuscular control
SS of heat cramps
visible cramp ( legs/abdomen)
localized pain
thirst
dehydration
sweat
fatigue
what is the core temp for heat cramps?
aslightly elevated core (37)
treatment of exercise induced muscle cramps
rest
shade/cool
slight electrolyte beverage/water
passive stretching
ice/massage
when can an athlete RTP with heat cramps
when cramps stop and no other signs
prevention from reoccuring
what is core temp for exertional heat exhaustion
37-39
SS of heat exhaustion
fatigue
profuse sweating ( high rate or volume of skin blood flow)
faint or collapses with minor cognitive changes ( headaches, dizziness, confusion)
pupils dilated
subnormal or normal temp
clammy skin
weakness
vomit
nausea
low BP
light headiness
impaired muscle coordination
can progress to heat stroke
treament of heat exhaustion
REST
Remove excess clothing/equipment
Cool or shady place (Fans, ice towels, cold pack to armpits and chest)
Monitor vital signs
Fluid replacement (slowly sip a cool electrolyte-replacement beverage)
Supine position with legs elevated
Cool athlete until rectal temperature 38.3°C
**If no improvement within 30 minutes, activate ERP
Call EMS/9-1-1 if the person is vomiting, has an altered level of responsiveness, or is unable to
drink fluids
which is the least common but most severe
heat stroke
what is body temp for heat stroke
40.5
what is first sign of EHS
CNS disfunction(Agression. collapse)
SS of heat stroke
high core temp (above 40)
flushed or pale skin
hypotension (low bp)
constricted pupils
hot and dry skin
rapid, weak pulse becomes irregular
rapid and shallow breathing
dizziness
loss of balance
staggering
irritability/aggressive behaviour
headache
vision problems
disorientated
confusion
irritational or unsual behaviour
apathy
hysteria
delirium
collapse
progressive LOC
seizure or coma
tx heat stroke
Remove excessive clothing/equipment
Goal is to lower core temperature to less than 38.9 C (102F)
Quickly immersed in a pool or tub of cold water (2 C - 14 C)
Up to neck is most effective
Stir for maximum cooling
(remain in care of AT or physician onsite until temp decreases and patient can be safely transported)
treatment of heat related injuries
Heat (Muscle) Cramps
Stop exercise, fluids, massage and stretch
Heat Exhaustion
Stop, cool the body, re-hydrate
Heat Stroke
Cool the body, medical attention, cold fluids, immerse in cool water
t or f: heat exhaustion can occur over a period days
true.. can lead to more serious heat stroke
differences between heat stroke and heat exhaustion
heat stroke: dry hot skin, pupils constricted, very high body temp
heat exhaustion: moist clammy skin, pupils dilated, normal subnormal temp
