Lecture 2: head and brain injuries Flashcards
what are the 3 meninges
dura
arachnoid
pia
what is dura
outermost
covers skill
highly vaascular
what is arachnoid
in between dura and pia
avasvualor
no innervation
what is pia
layer that is on top of brain
high vasucular
what is the subaracnoid space
it is a space that holds the cerebral spinal fluid whihc is imporatnt for fluidy and shock absorpition
what are some head and brain patholigies
scalp laceration skull fraction brain contusuin intracranial bleeding concussiion second impact syndrome
true or false: scalp laceraations lookworse than they actually arae
true
problems with scalp injury
significant blood loss infection hypovolemic chock from blunt trauma can involve more serrois injuries
treatment for scalp injurt
gloves
pressure and sterole cause
c=compression draining
when would you refer a scalt injury
for sutures
what is the MOI for skull fractures
direct blow
what are some examples of skull fractures
linear, penetrating, depressed basal
when they is a skull fracature, you usually see CSF
true
where can you check for csf in skull fracture
ears mouth
nose eyes
what is battles sign
sign of skull fracture, brusing over mastoid process
what is raccon eyes aassociated with
ecchymosis
skull fracured
what taste does CSF
salty metallic
where is mastoid process
behind ear
name 5 symttoms of a skill fracures
bleeding.csf leakage swelling in the area brushing eyes and ears pupil size nasuea defmormity incorrent speech balance/vision problems hypoctension unconcsious
what is the latin name for brain contusion
contusio cerebri
true or false: a brain contusion deosnt invove intracerebal hematoma
false, it does
what is more severe, concussion or brain contussion
brain contisuion
what is breain contisuion
structural damage to the brain
what are the time effects for contusion
short long and permanetn
what happens to the brain in a contusio
bleeding
swelling
increase pressure on brain
where do cerebral contusions mostly happen
in frontal and temporal lobes
what is the function of frontal lobe
movement impulse
personality and langauge
what is the function of temporal lbe
written
hearing
memory
what is petechial hemmorage?
bleeding in eye
what is antoher name for intracranial bleeding
hematoma
what does increanial bleeidn cause
INCEASED pressure on brain in confined space
what are the 3 hematoma types
epidural hematoma
subdural
intracerebral
if someone has intracranial bleeding, are they also unconcious
no
is an epidural hematoma lifethreatihinh
yes
what is rare without a skull fracture
epidural hematoma
what is the location of epidural hematomy
between dura matter and periosteam
what is the fastest devolloping hematoma
epidural
what is the MOI for epidural hematoma
laceration to middle meningeal arearty
HIGH VELOCITY BLOW TO TEMPLE
true or false: do not worry for epidural hematoma after cooncnussion
false
explain talk and die for epidural hematoma
you have a lucid period but there is a rapid decline in LOC as bleeding causes increase pressure in brain
what is the most common hematoma
subdural
does subdural require surgery
yes
where is the location of a subdural hematoma
outside the brain iselt between dura and arachnoid
is subdural slow devolopping or fast
slow (24 hours)
what type of intracerebal hematoma is fast devolliping
arterial bleed
what type of intracerebraal hamtoa is slow developping
venous
where is the location of the intracerabal hematoma
within the brain tissue itself
what is the defision of intracranial pressure
pressure exercited by brain tissue, blood and CSF
what is normal ICP
0-15 mm HG
what are the symtpoms of intracranial pressure
decreased LOC increase pressure of skull increased BP decreased HR motor dynduntion 9Impaired reguered)
true or false: intracral pressure has same symptoms as shock
false, oppisite
what is c=hyne strokes breaking and what is it associated with
intracranial pressire
slow shallow to deep and rapid and then back to slow
true or false: posture doesnt tell you another about ICP
false, there will be abnromal flexion and extension of arms as a sign
how can you decrease the pressure on the brain
create a burr hole
be able to locate the 3 diff types of hematomas
.
do pupils have another to do with ICP
yes
pupil reaction will not be norml
blurred vission
what is the schema for increased in ICP
increase ICP
decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure
ishemia and hypoxia
