Lecture 1+2: Facial injuries Flashcards
what is the percentage of injuries related to the face
between 11-40%
WHAT ARE THE 4 common facial injuries
soft tissue (8%)
fracture
dental
eye injury
what are the types of soft tissue injuries to the face
contusions,abraisions, lacerations, avulsions, hematomas
what are teh common facial structures for fractures
Nasal
maxilla
mandible
zygomatic
what are the types of detail injuries
tooth displacement
tooth avulsion
tooth fracture
What are the 2 common mechanism of injuries for facial injuries
blunt force trauma
forces transmitted to the head
what is the mecanism of injuri for soft tissue facial injuries
direct contact occurs with
- another player
- piece of equipment
- playinf surface
true or false: facial contusions are a distracting injury
true, must assess what is underneath
facial contusions have varryinf degrees of:
tenderness,
swelling
ecchymosis
true false and why: you do not apply ice to a facial contusion
false, apply ice for 15-20 minutes to try to control the swelling
how long does a facial contusion take to resolve?
several days to weeks
what is the MOI for a facial abraision
shearing forces
what is the treament for a facial abraision
- inspect
- clean
- remove any forreign material
- topical antibiotic ointment
- MONITOR FOR WOUND INFECTIONS
when should you refer someone to a doctor for a facial abraision
if it has not healed after 14 days
WHAT are some common signs of infection
redness swelling warmttth pain/tenderness draining foul odor
what is eschar
dead tissue found in full thickness wound
where are the common areas for facial avulsion
nose, ear, lip
how to treat an avulsion
recover avulsed/missing piece
wrap in saline mositerned gauze in a bag on ice
stop the bleeding on the pattient
what is a septal hematoma
inspect after a nasal trauma
appears as a purple, grape like swlling from the nasal septum
what are the symptoms of a septal hematoma
nasal obstruction, pain, rhinorrhead (runny nose), and fever
what is a facial hematoma
collection of blood within muscle, facial and dermal layers
where are the most common places we see facial hematomas
over the zygomatic and periorbital regions
what is the treatment for a facial hematoma
application of ice and compression
when someone has a facial hematoma, what should you monitor for
expansion, overlying skin necrosis, infection
what is a auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)
a pooling of blood in ear
how do you treat a auricular hematoma
can be training or surgery
can also use a flexible collodion
true or false: an untreated hematoma can lead lead to a cauiflow ear?
true
what is the mecanism of the eye contusion
blow to the eye
tyrue or false: when you see an eye contusion you do not need to do an examination of the surrounding structures?
false, always examine the eye, bones around and the head
what is the treatment for an eye contusion
ice and rest
which MOI for a NASAL fracture is more severe?
frontal blow
explain the LATERAL BLOW mecanism of injury forNASAL fractures
more common
less severe damage
better prognosis
explain the FRONTAL BLOW mecanism of injury for NASAL fractures
less common
more severe damge and residual deformiti
assoicated to poor prognosis
what are the symptoms of a nasal fracture
Pain Nosebleeds Swelling Bruising Deformity / deviation / asymmetry inability to breathe through the nose Epiphora Oedema Skin laceration other facial fractures septal hematoma
understand the palpation and reduction slides for nasal fracture
kmfs
what is a mandibular fracture
usually dislocation of temporal mandibular joint
what are the observations for a mandibular fracture
Deformity • change in bite • Jaw mobility • Swelling • Bruising • Bleeding • Pain
what is the percentage of people who have a madibular fracture also have a fracutre somewehre else
60%
true or false: Visible step off is not a observation of a mandibular fracture
false
what type of bandage do you se for a mandibular fracture
barton bandage
what is the MOI for an orbital frac ture
blow to the eye
what is the treatment for an orbital fracture
immediate refereal to doctor
what are the signs and symptoms of orbital fracture
Infraorbital numbness Skin and muscle damage Diplopia Ecchymosis Edema Enophthalmos
what is enophthalmos?
post displacement of the eyeball within the orbit
true or false; BOTH immediate blindness and delyaed loss of vision is possible in an orbital fracture
true
what is the treatment for a tooth displacement
put affected tooth back into place as normal a position as possible
what equipment can be used to protect against tooth injuries
mouthguard
what are the 2 MOI for eye injuries
blunt trauma
sharp/penetrating trauma
what are the signs and symptoms of an eye injury
Blurred vision Peripheral vision Flashes = retinal detachment Double vision Focusing bad visual accuity
what are the eye injury examinations
Any penetrating or foreign object Swelling (intra-ocular) Inspect the stuctures Palpate around PERRLA Check eye movements
true or false: you do not need expert care for a lid laceration
false
what are some examples of eye injuries
Extruded eye Detached retina Macular injury (central part of retina) Vitreous hemorrhage Irregular pupils Corneal laceration, abrasion, foreign body Eyelid eversion Conjunctival foreign body Iris injury Lens trauma Hyphema Subconjonctival bleeding
No return to play with an eye injury if…
Blurry vision Double vision Flashers or floaters Light sensitivity Abnormal penlight exam
true or false: there are no protectve equipment against facial injuries?
false
what is blephartis
inflatmation of the eyelids
what are some associated causes to blephartis
Clogging of oil glands in the eyelids which causes inflammation Dandruff of the scalp and eyebrows Bacterial infection Mites in eyebrows and eyelashes. Rosacea - redness of face Allergic reactions to certain eye medications, contact lens solutions or eye makeup
what are the symptoms of blephartis
Watering of eyes Red eyes A gritty, burning or stinging sensation in the eyes Eyelids that appears greasy Itchy eyelids Red, swollen eyelids More frequent blinking Crusted eyelashes upon awakening Flaking of the skin around the eyes Sensitivity to light Scarring of eyelid margin Abnormal direction of growth of eyelashes Loss of eyelashes Infection or erosions of cornea (anterior most layer of the eyeball)
what is the treatment for blepharitis
-Referral to optometrist for in depth examination
-Usually resolves with self care of eyelid hygiene
-topical medications are prescribed only if necessary to control
infection and inflammation
-underlying causes ? (allergy, dandruff, rosacea)
what is subconjunctival hemorrahage
breakage of small blood vessel below the clear surface of the eye
what are some actions that cause small blood vessels to riupture
Violent coughing Powerful sneezing Straining Vomiting (rubbing, truama)
what are the signs and symptoms of subjunctival hemmorage
• Looks scary and alarming
• Bright red patch in the sclera
• Scratchy feeling on the surface
of the eye
whaat is the treatment for subjunctival hemmorage
no treatment required
• supportive care
• monitoring for changes and
improvement
