Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Toxicology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of NSAIDs

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What nsaid are dogs sensitive to

A

Ibuprofen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What nsaid are cats sensitive to

A

Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nsaid MOA

A

Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, increasing lactic acid and causing metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical signs of NSAIDs

A

Acute- nausea, vomiting, fever, resp signs, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, depression, lethargy, weakness, seizures, acidosis with high anion gap, renal failure

Chronic- gastric irritation and ulceration, heinz bodies, anemia, and thrombocytopenia in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to diagnose NSAID toxicity

A 
History and clinical signs
Increased anion gap
Increased liver enzymes and jaundice
Long clotting times
Acute renal failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment for NSAID toxicity

A

Emesis and charcoal
Address GI ulceration and acute renal failure with ranitidine or sucralfate and misoprostol
Supportive care
Possible transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the number one pollutant

A

Arsenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can something be exposed to arsenic

A

Insecticides, medications, food production, electronics, shellfish, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arsenic MOA

A

Depends on the form

Pentavalent form is reduced and metabolized in the rumen- reduced available metabolic energy and some gets converts to trivalent form which is toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of trivalent form of arsenic

A

Binds to SH groups, disrupts cellular metabolism, and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical signs of arsenic

A

Abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, vomiting in dogs
Weakness, staggering gait
PU/PD progressing to oliguria and anuria, dehydration, thirst
Cold extremities
Salivation, trembling, depression, posterior paresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What lesions will you see with arsenic

A 
May not see any
Brick red gut
Foul smelling fluid in GI
Soft yellow liver
Red congested lungs
Damage to kidneys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to diagnose arsenic

A

Liver or kidney has more than 5ppm arsenic

Think about when there is sudden onset of gastroenteritis or sudden death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment of arsenic

A

GI decontamination
Chelation therapy with dimercaprol
Can give sodium thiosulfate prior to clinical signs
Supportive therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is zinc found

A

Galvanized metals, pennies made after 1982

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Zinc MOA

A

Forms zinc salts in stomachs acidic environment, oxidative damage leads to hemolysis

18
Q

Who is arsenic usually seen in

A

Dogs and aquatic organisms

19
Q

Clinical signs of zinc

A 
Vomiting and diarrhea
PU/PD
Hemoglobinuria
Jaundice, pancreatitis
Hemolytic anemia
Depression, anorexia, lameness
May see gastric ulcers, renal, hepatic, and pancreatic necrosis
20
Q

How to diagnose zinc

A

Serum levels greater than 10 ppm
Zinc in liver more than 200 ppm
Decreased PCV, regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia
Heinz bodies in dogs
Elevated liver, kidney, and pancreatic enzymes
Hemoglobinuria
Rads for hardware ingestion

21
Q

Treating zinc

A

Remove foreign bodies
Emesis
Can use proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole or H2 blockers

22
Q

Clinical signs of soaps/shampoos

A

vomiting and diarrhea

23
Q

Treatment of soaps/shampoos

A

Dilution with milk or water

Fluids

24
Q

Clinical signs of scouring powder/bleach

A

Causes liquefactive necrosis

Vomiting, drooling, abdominal pain

25
Q

Treatment of scouring powder/bleach

A

Milk or water
Gastroprotectants
NO emesis or lavage because it is caustic and we worry about aspiration pneumonia

26
Q

What are caustic and corrosive disinfectants

A

Phenols (lysol)
Pine oils (pine-sol)
Cationic detergents

27
Q

What does phenol do

A

Denatures and precipitates cellular proteins (destroys contacted cells)

28
Q

What does pine oil do

A

Directly irritating to mm

Cats are more susceptible

29
Q

Clinical signs of disinfectants

A

Acute- corrosive burns of oral-esophageal pathway, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, hyper salivation, panting, resp depression, hypotension, ataxia, depression

Severe- progresses to shock, cardiac arrhythmias, methemoglobinemia, hepatic and renal damage, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema

30
Q

Treatment of disinfectants

A

Dilutions then charcoal or cathartic
Methylene blue
NO emesis or lavage

31
Q

Why are dishwasher detergents toxic

A

High alkalinity

32
Q

Clinical signs of detergents

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, GI pain, oral/esophageal/gastric erosions

33
Q

Treatment of detergents

A

Dilution
Analgesics
Steroids

34
Q

Why are toilet bowl cleaners toxic

A

Acidic

35
Q

Clinical signs of toilet bowl cleaners

A

Vomiting, salivation, dysphagia, abdominal pain, GI ulceration, dyspnea

36
Q

Treatment of toilet bowl cleaners

A

Dilution
Metoclopramide
Steroids
NO emesis, lavage, activated charcoal, or cathartics

37
Q

What is zearalenone

A

Mycotoxin from fusarium

38
Q

Who does zearalenone affect

A

Pigs, cattle, sheep

Chicken are resistant

39
Q

MOA of zearalenone

A

Estrogen receptor agonist

40
Q

What does zearalenone cause

A

Hyperestrogenism

Feminization of males, large vulvas in females

41
Q

Diagnosis of zearalenone

A

Greater than 1-2 ppl in swine feed

42
Q

Treatment of zearalenone

A

Change feed

Activated charcoal

Toxicology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions