Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Toxicology > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of phenoxyacetic herbicides

A

2,4-D (scotts weed and feed)
2,4,5-T
Silvex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How toxic are phenoxyacetic acid herbicides

A

Very low toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides

A

Unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are GI effects of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides

A

Usually GI are the only signs seen in dogs

Vomiting, diarrhea (bloody), oral and GI ulcerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are muscle effects of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides

A

Hesitation to move, rigid skeletal muscle, ataxia, weakness, seizures, myotonia with high doses, rumen atony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are other signs of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides

A

Renal tubular degeneration

Hepatic necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to diagnose phenoxyacetic acid herbicides

A 
Oral and GI ulcers
Enteritis and rumen stasis
Congestion of kidney/liver
Hyperemia of lymph nodes
Chemical analysis of serum and urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides

A

Emesis, lavage, bath
Activated charcoal
Ion trapping IF kidneys are normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What produces ergot alkaloids

A

Claviceps purpurea in small grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ergot alkaloids MOA

A

Dopamine and serotonin agonists which produce hallucinations, decreased prolactin secretion, smooth muscle contraction from alpha 1 antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical signs of erogtism in cattle

A

Reduced feed intake and weight gain, heat intolerance, retain winter coat “summer slump”

Gangrene of extremities
Fat necrosis
Poor repro performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical signs of ergotism in other animals

A

Horses- abortions, weak foals, prolonged gestation

Pigs- infertility, early parturition, decreased milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to diagnose ergotism

A

See sclerotia in feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to treat ergotism

A

Remove source

Metoclopromide and domperidone to increase prolactin and normalize gestation in mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are ionophores

A

Compounds that form lipid soluble complexes with cations
Used as antibiotics
Ex: monensin, salinomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ionophores MOA

A

Increase intracellular Na and Ca leading to mitochondrial swelling and cell death

17
Q

What usually causes ionophore toxicosis? Who is most susceptible

A

Feed mixing errors

Horses are most sensitive, poultry are least sensitive

18
Q

Clinical signs of ionophore toxicosis for horses and cattle

A

12-72 hours after ingestion
Anorexia, colic, profuse sweating on flanks, uncoordinated and weak

Cattle are similar to horses but with diarrhea and resp difficulty

19
Q

Clinical signs of ionphore toxicosis of other animals

A

Unlikely
Poultry- down with legs and wings stretched out
Dogs- posterior paresis and paralysis
Cats- polyneuropathy

20
Q

Diagnosis of ionophores

A

Increased muscle enzymes, myoglobinuria, AST, CK, ALP, BUN, bilirubin
Decreased K and Ca
Chemical analysis of feed

21
Q

What should you differentiate ionophore toxicosis from

A

Other causes of colic, vitamin E or selenium deficiency, white snakeroot, blister beetle, gossypol, botulism

22
Q

Treatment for ionphore

A

No specific treatment

Supportive therapy and feed change

23
Q

Who does tetanus mostly affect

A

Cattle when spores get in puncture wounds

24
Q

Tetanus MOA

A

Blocks release of GABA and glycine

25
Q

Clincial signs of tetanus

A 
Stiffness and reluctance to move
Twitching and tremors of muscles
Lockjaw
Unsteady gait with stiff tail
Bloat
Collapse, spasm, death
26
Q

Treatment of tetanus

A

Antitoxin but only useful at very early stages
Supportive therapy
Poor prognosis

27
Q

What toxins cause ventilatory muscle paralysis

A

Botulism, tetanus, snake venom
OPs
Strychnine

28
Q

What toxins cause resp center depression

A 
Barbituates, opiates, opioids
EG
Hypnotics, sedatives
Tricyclic antidepressants
Crude oil
29
Q

What is paraquat

A

Herbicide that induces oxidative damage

30
Q

Clinical signs of paraquat

A

Vomiting, burning skin, acute pulmonary edema, renal failure, coughing, pulmonary fibrosis

31
Q

Treatment of paraquat

A

Emesis, charcoal, gastric lavage, fluids,

NO oxygen unless absolutely necessary

Toxicology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions