Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are cats deficient in
Glucoronidation
What are dogs deficient in
Acetylation
What are pigs deficient in
Sulfation
What does NOAEL stand for
No observable adverse effect level
What does LOAEL stand for
Lowest observable adverse effect level
What is more toxic in pregnant animals
Parathion
What is an acute classification
Single dose exposure or several doses within 24 hours
What is subacute/subchronic exposure
Exposure over 7-90 days
What is chronic exposure
6 months-lifetime
What does a dose-response relationship assume
Cause and effect relationship and that the response is proportional to the dose
Is exposure and dose the same
NO
How are the most veterinary toxicants absorbed
Oral or dermal routes
What does metabolism do to toxin
Detoxifies it and eliminates it
What is bioactivation
When metabolism increase toxicity of a compound
What are the steps of toxicity
- Delivery from site of exposure to target
- Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with target molecule
- Cellular dysfunction and resultant toxicities
- Repair or disrepair
How do toxicants cause toxicity
Cellular damage
Organ system dysfunction
Who said “all substances are poisons…”
Paracelsus
Swiss physician
“Father of toxicology”
What is toxicology
Identification, treatment, and assessment of the risks of poisons
What is a toxicant
Compound that causes toxicity
May be natural or man made
What is xenobiotic
Foreign substance
What is an antidote
Any substance that prevents/relieves effects of a toxicant
No antidote works on all toxins
Can be harmful
What is activated charcoal called
“Universal antidote”
