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Toxicology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are cats deficient in

A

Glucoronidation

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2
Q

What are dogs deficient in

A

Acetylation

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3
Q

What are pigs deficient in

A

Sulfation

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4
Q

What does NOAEL stand for

A

No observable adverse effect level

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5
Q

What does LOAEL stand for

A

Lowest observable adverse effect level

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6
Q

What is more toxic in pregnant animals

A

Parathion

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7
Q

What is an acute classification

A

Single dose exposure or several doses within 24 hours

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8
Q

What is subacute/subchronic exposure

A

Exposure over 7-90 days

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9
Q

What is chronic exposure

A

6 months-lifetime

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10
Q

What does a dose-response relationship assume

A

Cause and effect relationship and that the response is proportional to the dose

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11
Q

Is exposure and dose the same

A

NO

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12
Q

How are the most veterinary toxicants absorbed

A

Oral or dermal routes

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13
Q

What does metabolism do to toxin

A

Detoxifies it and eliminates it

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14
Q

What is bioactivation

A

When metabolism increase toxicity of a compound

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15
Q

What are the steps of toxicity

A
  1. Delivery from site of exposure to target
  2. Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with target molecule
  3. Cellular dysfunction and resultant toxicities
  4. Repair or disrepair
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16
Q

How do toxicants cause toxicity

A

Cellular damage

Organ system dysfunction

17
Q

Who said “all substances are poisons…”

A

Paracelsus
Swiss physician
“Father of toxicology”

18
Q

What is toxicology

A

Identification, treatment, and assessment of the risks of poisons

19
Q

What is a toxicant

A

Compound that causes toxicity

May be natural or man made

20
Q

What is xenobiotic

A

Foreign substance

21
Q

What is an antidote

A

Any substance that prevents/relieves effects of a toxicant

No antidote works on all toxins

Can be harmful

22
Q

What is activated charcoal called

A

“Universal antidote”

Toxicology (8 decks)

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