Lecture 7 Flashcards
Arterial supply - heart to forearm (6)
heart - subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial aftery (which splits into two (radial and ulnar arteries) at cubital fossa (anterior aspect of elbow joint)) - profunda brachii (supplies posterior aspect of forearm), radial artery, ulnar artery
where does the subclavian artery become the axillary arter?
at the border of the first rib
where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
at the inferior border fo the teres major
arterial supply in hand starting at radial and ulnar arteries
radial artery and ulnar artery - deep parlmar arch (across palm), superificial palmar arch (also across hand) - digital arteries
Venous drainage - 2 types of veins
deep veins (accompany arteries and usually take the same name)
superficial veins (run right under the skin)
trajectory of deep veins
palmar venous arches (deep and superficial) –> ulnar and radial veins –> brachial vein –> axillary vein
trajectory of superficial veins
digital veins (in fingers) –> parlmar venous arches (deep and superficial) –> cephalic vein and basilic vein –> axillary vein
venous drainage
radial vein - ulnar vein - brachial vein - basilic vein - cephalic vein - axilary vein - subclavian vein - heart
borders of axilla
apex & base (skin of armpit), anterior wall & posterior wall, medial wall & lateral wall
what is the axilla?
area of passage for blood vessels and nerves (including those of the brachial plexus)
what is the brachial plexus?
- a mixed (carries both sensory and motor information) nerve plexus aka branching network of intersecting nerves
what does the brachial plexus innervate?
muscles of pectoral girdle, upper limbs and skin of arm, forearm and hand
divisions of brachial plexus (5)
roots - trunks - divisions - cords - branches (Remember To Drink Cold Beer)
Roots
first section
formed by contributions of spinal nerves C5-T1
what nerves branch off of roots (2)
dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve (which branches off of C5, C6 amd C7)
what muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate (3)
levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
what muscle does the long thoracic nerve innervate?
serratus anterior
Trunks
second section
3 of them - superior, middle, inferior
what nerve branches off of the trunk + which trunk does it branch off of?
suprascapular nerve off of the superior trunk
what muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
supraspinatus and inftraspinatus
Divisons
3rd section
3 anterior divisions and 3 posterior divisions
no other nerves branch off of the divisions
Cords
- once anterior and posterior divisions have entered axilla, they form three cords
- lateral, posterior, medial
- named after position relative to the axillary artery
what nerve branches off of the cords + which cord does it branch off of? (3)
- lateral pectoral nerve off of the lateral cord
- medial pectoral nerve off of the medial cord
- thoracodorsal nerve and subscapular nerves off of the posterior cord
what muscle does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?
pectoralis major
what muscles does the medial pectoral nerve innervate? (2)
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
*** 3 Ms - medial, major, minor
what muscles does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate? (3)
latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, teres major
Branches (5)
musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve
What muscles does the nerve musculocutaneous innervate?
muscles of anterior compartment of arm
What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate? (2)
dolotid and teres minor
What muscles does the median nerve innervate? (2)
muscles of anterior forearm (2 exceptions) and muscles of hand
What muscles does the radial nerve innervate? (2)
muscles of posterior arm and forearm
What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate? (3)
flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundous, muscles of hand
which vertebrae does the musculocutaneous nerve stem from? (3)
C5, C6, C7
which vertebrae does the radial nerve stem from? (5)
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 (all of them)
which vertebrae does the median nerve stem from? (5)
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 (all of them)
which vertebrae does the ulnar nerve stem from? (2)
C8, T1
which vertebrae does the axillary nerve stem from? (2)
C5, C6
