Lecture 3 Flashcards
3 classifications of joints and movement range fo each
synarthosis (no movement)
amphiarthrosis (little movement)
diarthrosis (free movement)
anaotmy of synarthrosis joints (2) and example
-strong union between articulating bones
- firbous cartilaginous or bony fusion
ex: skull, bones of pubis
anaotmy of amphiarthrosis joints and example
fibrous or cartilaginous joints
ex: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
anaotmy of diarthrosis joints (2) and example
- characterized by joint cavity (fuid-filled space)
-synovial joints
ex: knee joint, elbow joint
Basic components of synovial joints (5)
- joint capsule
-articular cartilage
-joint cavity filled synovial fluid
-synovial memebrane
-accessory structures
Joint capsule
surrounds synovial joint, encloses joint cavity
what does the joint capsule consist of?
outer dense connective tissue layer and inner synovial membrane
synovial membrane
lines inner surfaces of joint
produces synovial fluid
synovial fluid roles (4)
fills join cavity
lubricates
absorbs shock
distributes nutrients to cells of articular cartilage
articular cartilage
covers surface of srticulating bones
smooth surface helps reduce friction during movement1
accessory structures of synovial joints (4)
menisci, ligaments, bursae, fat pads
meniscis (4)
- fibrocartilage pads between bone
- reduce friction
- disperse weight
- protect and cushion joint surface
ligaments (3)
- fibrous connective tissue connecting bone to bone
- support and strengthen synovial joints
- can be located outside or inside joint capsule
bursae (4)
- small fluid-filled pockets of connective tissue
occur aoround tendons and bones - filled with synovial fluid, lined by a synvial membrane
- reduce friction
- acts as shock absorbers
fat pads (3)
- usually around the periphery of the joint
- protects articular cartilages
- cushions joint as a whole
types of movement at synovial joints (4)
gliding, angular, rotational, special movements
Gliding movement (aka planar/linear movement)
two opposing (flat) surfaces slide past each other
ex: interarsal joints od the foot
Angylar movement
movement that changes the angle between articulating bones
ex: flexion & extension, abductions & adduction, circumduction
Rotational movement
right or left rotation, medial or lateral rotation (supination and pronation)
special movements
of foot: inversion & eversion, dorsiflexion & plantar flexion
of thumb: opposition & reposition
of jaw, scapula and other: protration and retraction, elevation, depression
of vertebral column: lateral flexion/extension, rotation (twisting)
types of synovial joints (6)
gliding joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, ellipsoidal (condylar) joint, saddle joint, ball-and-socket joint
gliding (plane) joint
flattened or slightly curved surfaces slide across one another
ex: intertarsal joints of the foot
hinge joint - monoaxial
angular movement across one axis (ex: flexion/extension)
convex surface of bone fits into a concave surface of a bone ex: ankle joint, knee joint, interphalangeal joints
pivot joint - monoaxial
permits only one rotation
pointed surface of bone articulates with a ring (made up of bone and ligament)
ex: atlanto-axial joint at top vertebrae, proximal radioulnar joint
ellipsoidal (condylar) joint - biaxial
-permits motion across two axes
-oval articular face (condyle) sits within a depression on the opposing surface
- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
-ex: metacarpophalageal joints (knuckles)
saddle joint - biaxial
- angular movement across two axes, opposition
- articular surface of a bone fits into a saddle-shaped bone
- ex: first carpometacarpal joint (base of thumb)
ball-and-socket joint - triaxial
- angular and rotational movement across three axes
- round head of a bone fits into a cup-shaped depression of a bone
- angular motion, circumduction, rotation
- ex: hip joint, shoulder joint
