Lecture 3

Question 1

3 classifications of joints and movement range fo each

Answer 1

synarthosis (no movement)
amphiarthrosis (little movement)
diarthrosis (free movement)

Question 2

anaotmy of synarthrosis joints (2) and example

Answer 2

-strong union between articulating bones
- firbous cartilaginous or bony fusion
ex: skull, bones of pubis

Question 3

anaotmy of amphiarthrosis joints and example

Answer 3

fibrous or cartilaginous joints
ex: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Question 4

anaotmy of diarthrosis joints (2) and example

Answer 4

• characterized by joint cavity (fuid-filled space)
  -synovial joints
  ex: knee joint, elbow joint

Question 5

Basic components of synovial joints (5)

Answer 5

• joint capsule
  -articular cartilage
  -joint cavity filled synovial fluid
  -synovial memebrane
  -accessory structures

Question 6

Joint capsule

Answer 6

surrounds synovial joint, encloses joint cavity

Question 7

what does the joint capsule consist of?

Answer 7

outer dense connective tissue layer and inner synovial membrane

Question 8

synovial membrane

Answer 8

lines inner surfaces of joint
produces synovial fluid

Question 9

synovial fluid roles (4)

Answer 9

fills join cavity
lubricates
absorbs shock
distributes nutrients to cells of articular cartilage

Question 10

articular cartilage

Answer 10

covers surface of srticulating bones
smooth surface helps reduce friction during movement1

Question 11

accessory structures of synovial joints (4)

Answer 11

menisci, ligaments, bursae, fat pads

Question 12

meniscis (4)

Answer 12

• fibrocartilage pads between bone
• reduce friction
• disperse weight
• protect and cushion joint surface

Question 13

ligaments (3)

Answer 13

• fibrous connective tissue connecting bone to bone
• support and strengthen synovial joints
• can be located outside or inside joint capsule

Question 14

bursae (4)

Answer 14

• small fluid-filled pockets of connective tissue
  occur aoround tendons and bones
• filled with synovial fluid, lined by a synvial membrane
• reduce friction
• acts as shock absorbers

Question 15

fat pads (3)

Answer 15

• usually around the periphery of the joint
• protects articular cartilages
• cushions joint as a whole

Question 16

types of movement at synovial joints (4)

Answer 16

gliding, angular, rotational, special movements

Question 17

Gliding movement (aka planar/linear movement)

Answer 17

two opposing (flat) surfaces slide past each other
ex: interarsal joints od the foot

Question 18

Angylar movement

Answer 18

movement that changes the angle between articulating bones
ex: flexion & extension, abductions & adduction, circumduction

Question 19

Rotational movement

Answer 19

right or left rotation, medial or lateral rotation (supination and pronation)

Question 20

special movements

Answer 20

of foot: inversion & eversion, dorsiflexion & plantar flexion
of thumb: opposition & reposition
of jaw, scapula and other: protration and retraction, elevation, depression
of vertebral column: lateral flexion/extension, rotation (twisting)

Question 21

types of synovial joints (6)

Answer 21

gliding joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, ellipsoidal (condylar) joint, saddle joint, ball-and-socket joint

Question 22

gliding (plane) joint

Answer 22

flattened or slightly curved surfaces slide across one another
ex: intertarsal joints of the foot

Question 23

hinge joint - monoaxial

Answer 23

angular movement across one axis (ex: flexion/extension)
convex surface of bone fits into a concave surface of a bone ex: ankle joint, knee joint, interphalangeal joints

Question 24

pivot joint - monoaxial

Answer 24

permits only one rotation
pointed surface of bone articulates with a ring (made up of bone and ligament)
ex: atlanto-axial joint at top vertebrae, proximal radioulnar joint

Question 25

ellipsoidal (condylar) joint - biaxial

Answer 25

-permits motion across two axes
-oval articular face (condyle) sits within a depression on the opposing surface
- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
-ex: metacarpophalageal joints (knuckles)

Question 26

saddle joint - biaxial

Answer 26

• angular movement across two axes, opposition
• articular surface of a bone fits into a saddle-shaped bone
• ex: first carpometacarpal joint (base of thumb)

Question 27

ball-and-socket joint - triaxial

Answer 27

• angular and rotational movement across three axes
• round head of a bone fits into a cup-shaped depression of a bone
• angular motion, circumduction, rotation
• ex: hip joint, shoulder joint