Lecture 7 Flashcards
1
Q
an ensemble of cells, not necessarily
identical, but from the same origin, that
together carry out a specific function
A
Tissue
2
Q
The study of tissues
A
Histology
3
Q
a protective, continuous sheet of
compactly packed cells
A
Epithelial tissue/ Epithelium
4
Q
Characteristics of Epithelium
A
o Cellularity
o Polarity
o Attachment
o Vascularity
o Innervation
o Regeneration
5
Q
Stages of Regeneration in Epithelium
A
•Coagulation
•Inflammatory Response
•Epithialization
•Fibroplasia
•Maturation
6
Q
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
A
• Provide protection
• Control permeability
• Provide sensation
• Produce secretions
7
Q
Types of Epithelial Tissue
A
o Membranous
o Glandular
8
Q
Cell Shapes of Epithelium
A
o Squamous
o Cuboidal
o Columnar
9
Q
Classification of Layers in Epithelium
A
o Simple
o Stratified
o Pseudostratified
o Transitiona
10
Q
Features of Membranous Epithelium
A
ü Selective diffusion
ü Absorption/secretion
ü Physical protection
ü Containment
11
Q
Features of Glandular Epithelium
A
ü Exocrine
ü Endocrine
12
Q
contains densely packed nerve cell
(neuron),which are specialized for nerve impulse conduction.
A
Nervous Tissue
13
Q
Specialized type of cell, they vary in shape and size;
contains three principle parts- cell body, dendrites and an axon
A
Neurons
14
Q
Non conducting cells that protect and nurture as well as
support cells of nervous tissue.
A
Glial cells
15
Q
smallest glial cells
A
Microglia
16
Q
composed of cells that have the special ability
to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the
body parts
A
Muscle Tissue
17
Q
the ability of muscle cells to forcefully
shorten; allows muscle tissue to pull on its attachment
points and shorten with force
A
Contractility
18
Q
the ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be delivered
from a motor neuron or a hormone.
A
Excitability
19
Q
the ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended
A
Extensibility
20
Q
the ability to a muscle to return to its original length when
relaxe
A
Elasticity
21
Q
Types muscle tissue
A
•Striated
•Non-striated
22
Q
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle
A
Striated
23
Q
Smooth muscle
A
Non-striated muscle tissue
24
Q
a fibrous tissue found throughout the body
A
Connective tissue
25
Composition of connective tissue
cells, fibers, and ground substance
26
Connective tissue makes up a variety of physical structures
tendons, blood, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and
lymphatic tissue
27
Function of ligament
Connects bone to bone
28
Connects muscle to bone
tendons
29
helps in body immunity
Lymphatic tissue
30
produce blood
hematopoietic tissue
31
protects the body against wound and infection
areolar tissue
32
stores fats and insulates the body against heat los
adipose tissue
33
forms shape and the framework of the body
supportive tissue
34
Supporting/Skeletal connective tissues
•Cartilage
• Bone
35
Dense (fibrous) CT
White fibrous tissue (tendon
and sheath)
o Yellow elastic tissue (ligament)
36
Loose Connective Tissue
o Areolar
o Adipose
o Reticular
37
Fluid Connective Tissue
•Lymph
•Blood
38
the matrix is soft, less rigid and shows varying degree of toughness
Proper Connective Tissue
39
The cells in the matrix are widely distributed and
the fibers are loosely woven.
It generally connects and support various tissues
and organs and helps them to resist strain and
displacement.
Loose CT
40
has homogenous, transparent, semi-fluid and gelatinous matrix
Areolar CT
41
Location of Areolar CT
beneath skin, space between many organs, between muscles, peritoneum
and mesenterie
42
Functions of areolar CT
o bind tissues together
o engulf bacteria and damaged and
dead cells
o secrete heparin (anticoagulant) and
histamine (inflammation reaction)
o produce antibodies
43
modified form of areolar tissue that contains large number of fat cells
Adipose connective tissue
44
Functions of adipose CT
o Energy storage
o Shock absorber
o Insulation
45
• modified form of areolar tissue
that contains large number of
reticular cells
Reticular CT
46
The fibers dominate over the cells and the matrix
in quantity.
The fibers may be regularly or irregularly
arranged.
Dense (fibrous) CT
47
It contains fibroblast cells and
collagen fibers and very few
amount of matrix.
White fibrous tissue
48
White fibrous tissue occur in two forms:
•tendons
•sheath
49
contains numerous and closely
packed yellow elastic fibers.
Yellow elastic tissue
50
Proper Connective Tissues
Loose CT
Dense/fibrous CT
51
supporting tissue that forms the endoskeleton of vertebrates
supporting/skeletal CT
52
secrete the extracellular matrix of the cartilage
chondroblast
53
are mainly responsible for the production of collagen and the extracellular matrix that will lead to the maintenance of cartilaginous tissue
chondrocytes
54
Compact Bone Tissue is also known as
cortical bone
55
forms the hard, dense outer layer
of bones throughout the human
body
Compact Bone TIssue
56
primary function of compact bone tissue
provide strength and protection
57
A colorless fluid that does not contain red blood cells
lymph
58
Blood plasma contains ______, _______ and ______
proteins
calcium
phosphorus
59
Lymph transports nutrients from the tissue cells to the blood, through _______
lymphatic vessels
60
How does blood transport nutrients and oxygen?
from one organ to another
61
composes 55% in blood
plasma
62
A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow and is found in the blood and in lymph tissue
lymphocyte
63
a type of white blood cell that works closely with your immune system to defend your body from allergens, pathogens and parasite; release enzymes to improve blood flow and prevent blood clots
basophil
64
composiiton of rbc in blood
41%
65
regulate blood flow, transfer mitochondria to neurons, and supply the building blocks of neurotransmitters, which fuel neuronal metabolism
astrocytes
66
appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells
dendrites
67
portion of a nerve cell (neuron) that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
axon
68
the compact section of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm
cell body
69
the gaps between the myelin insulation of the axon of neurons where impulses jump as they are trasmitted
nodes of Ranvier
70
secrete collagen proteins that help maintain the structural framework of tissues as well as organic fibers in the connective tissues
fibroblast
71
contribute to homeostasis in the immune system; they serve as a first line of defense against antigens entering the body due to their location in the skin and mucosa
mast cells
72
the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.
adipocytes
73
lacks Haversian canal system
and Volkmann’s canal
spongy bone tissue
74
spongy bone tissue is also known as
trabeculae
75
Blood makes up about _ of the body's weight
8%
76
largest type of leukocyte in blood and can differentiate into macrophages and conventional dendritic cells
monocytes
77
They are one of the first immune cells to respond when microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, enter the body
neutrophils
78
a specialized junction used by epithelial cells to facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the tissue
gap junction
79
unicellular glands that are known to produce and secrete mucus
goblet cells
80
the organic material that forms the ground substance in cartilage
chondroitin sulfate
81
the glial cells that form myelin sheaths around axons of neurons
oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells
82
cells that form bone tissue
osteoblast
83
cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions by increasing their resorptive activity
osteoclast
84
when plasma leaks out of the blood vessels and goes into the surrounding tissues, it becomes the _____
interstitial fluid
85
granular leucocytes involved in non-specific immune defense
eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil
86
cells specialized for storing lipids
adipose cells
87
muscle tissue that has fibers with multiple nucleus
skeletal muscle
88
gaps between the myelin insulation of the axon of neurons where impulses jump as they are trasmitted
nodes of Ranvier
89
three types of neurons based on function
motor
sensory
interneuron
90
vein where the lymph is being drained back into blood circulation
subclavian vein
91
glial cells that form blood-brain barrier
astrocytes
92
two forms wherein white fibrous tissues occur
tendon, sheath
93
Contains numerous and closely packed yellow elastic fibers
ligament, blood vessel walls, vocal cords, respiratory tract
94
three types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrous
95
A pre-cursor of bone that is commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea
hyaline
96
mature cartilage cell
chondrocyte
97
two basic structural bone types
spongy and compact
98
a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae
Haversian canal system
99
surround blood vessels and nerve fibers throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes
Haversian canal system
100
any of the small channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and lie perpendicular to and communicate with the Haversian canal
Volkmann's canal
101
elongated; found forming the inner linings of the brain and spinal chord
ependymal cells
102
ependymal cells are the _______ of the brain
ventricle
103
the engulfing and usually the destruction of particulate matter by phagocytes that serves as an important bodily defense mechanism against infection by microorganisms
phagocytosis
104
produced from epithelial cells
basal lamina
105
steps of wound healing
coagulation, inflammatory response, epithelialization, fibroplasia, maturation
106
a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forwars into the digestive system
peristalsis
107
collects interstitial fluid
-lympathic vessels
108
tissue inflammation
edema
109
Small canals running through the bone solid matrix
canaliculi
110
extracellular matrix around the cells that gives compact bone its hardness and rigidity
lamella
111
surrounds and kills microorganisms and removes dead cells
macrophages
112
Type of neuron where there is no axon or it cannot be differentiated from dendrites
anaxonic neuron
113
enhance the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the cell
microvilli
114
vein where the lymph is being drained back into the blood circulation
subclavian vein
