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Zoology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of animal life

A

Zoology

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2
Q

Purpose of Zoology

A
  • attempt to solve the mysteries of animal life and its origin
  • documenting the diversity of animal life
  • organizing it in a systematic way
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3
Q

It is gaining knowledge using scientific method

A

Nature of science/Science

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4
Q

Enumerate the Scientific Method (in chronological order)

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experiment
  4. Conclusion
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5
Q

general properties of living systems

living systems demonstrate a unique and complex molecular organization

A

Chemical Uniqueness

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6
Q

atoms+bonds=?

A

Macromolecules

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7
Q

4 major categories of macromolecules

A
  • nucleic acids
  • protein
  • lipids
  • carbohydrates
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8
Q

the type of nucleic acid that carries genetic information found in all living organisms

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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9
Q

an enzyme found in mitochondria that is responsible for storing and transferring energy in cells

A

ATP (Adenosine 5’-triphosphate)

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10
Q

a hormonal protein secreted by the pancreas to regulate the levels of blood sugar in the body

A

insulin

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11
Q

a type of structural protein that forms the connective framework of your muscles, bones, tendons, skin and cartilage

A

collagen

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12
Q

the main structural component in hair, nails, teeth and skin

A

keratin

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13
Q

a structural protein that allows the skin/organ to be flexible and bounce back to its original shape

A

elastin

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14
Q

are formed in the white blood cells and attack bacteria, viruses and other harmful microorganisms

A

antibodies/immunoglobulin

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15
Q

an ion required for the formation of hemoglobin, the main structural component of red blood cells

A

Iron

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16
Q

regulates and guards against the adverse effects of excess iron in your body

A

Ferritin

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17
Q

carries oxygen to body tissues from the lungs

A

Hemoglobin

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17
Q

carries oxygen to body tissues from the lungs

A

Hemoglobin

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18
Q

control the substances that enter and leave the cells, including water and nutrients

A

receptor proteins

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19
Q

an enzyme, or special protein, that helps you digest carbohydrates

A

Amylase

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20
Q

an enzyme produced in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach that the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines.

A

lipase

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21
Q

two types of carbohydrates

A
  • simple carbohydrate (mono- and disaccharides)
  • complex carbohydrate
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22
Q

the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body’s cells

A

glucose

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23
Q

General Properties of Living Systems

living systems demonstrate a unique and complex
hierarchical organization.

A

Complexity and hierarchical organization

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24
Q

ascending order of animal complexity

A

macromolecules
cells
organism
population
species

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25
Q

number of individuals of a particular species in an area

A

Population

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26
Q

an interacting group of various species in a common location

A

Community

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27
Q

General Properties of Living Systems

Living systems can reproduce themselves.

A

Reproduction

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28
Q

transmission of traits

A

heredity

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29
Q

differences in traits

A

variation

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30
Q

General Properties of Living Systems

A genetic program provides fidelity of
inheritance.

A

Possession of a genetic program

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31
Q

General Properties of Living Systems

Living organisms maintain themselves by obtaining

nutrients from their environments.

A

Metabolism

composed of:
digestion
energy production
synthesis of molecules and structures

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32
Q

The study of the performance of complex metabolic

functions

A

physiology

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33
Q

All organisms pass through a characteristic life
cycle.

A

Development

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33
Q

General Properties of Living Systems

All organisms pass through a characteristic life
cycle.

A

Development

33
Q

All organisms pass through a characteristic life
cycle.

A

Development

34
Q

Characteristic changes that an organism undergoes

A

zygote to adult senescence

35
Q

General Properties of Living Systems

All animals interact with their environment.

A

Environmental Interaction

36
Q

permits to understand how an organism can perceive environmental stimuli and respond in appropriate ways by adjusting its metabolism and physiology.

A

Ecology

37
Q

the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli

A

irritability

38
Q

ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments.

A

responsiveness

39
Q

susceptibility of an organism to that variation whereby it becomes suited to or fitted for its conditions of environment

A

Adaptability

40
Q

Features that all animals have

A
  1. heterotrophy
  2. mobility
  3. multicellularity
  4. sexual reproduction
  5. diploidy
  6. the absence of a cell wall
  7. cells organized as tissues
  8. blastula formation.
41
Q

animals can’t make their own food

A

heterotrophy

42
Q

Animals can swim, crawl, walk, run, and even fly

A

mobility

43
Q

fixed in one place; immobile

A

sessile

44
Q

Made up of more then one cell

A

multicellularity

45
Q

Almost all animals reproduce sexually by producing
gametes

A

sexual reproduction

46
Q

Unlike the egg cells, the sperm cells of animals have
a ____ and are highly mobile

A

flagella

47
Q

Unlike the egg cells, the sperm cells of animals have
a flagella and are highly mobile.

A

diploidy

48
Q

Among the cells of multicellular organisms, only animal cells lack rigid cell walls.

A

Absence of cell wall

49
Q

Among the cells of multicellular organisms, only animal cells lack rigid cell walls.

A

the absence of a cell wall

50
Q

the zygote (fertilized egg cell) undergoes cell divisions that form a hollow ball of cells called

A

blastula

51
Q

Outer layer of skin; nervous system; sense

organs such as the eyes

A

ectoderm

52
Q

Lining of the digestive tract; respiratory
systems; urinary bladder; digestive
organs; liver; glands

A

endoderm

53
Q

Most of the skeleton; muscles; circulatory
system; reproductive organs; excretory
organs

A

mesoderm

54
Q

are groups of cells with a common structure
that work together to perform a specific function.

A

tissues

55
Q

All animals have their own particular body plan, a
term used to describe an animal’s shape, symmetry,
and internal organization.

A

Body Symmetry

55
Q

All animals have their own particular body plan, a
term used to describe an animal’s shape, symmetry,
and internal organization.

A

Body Symmetry

55
Q

All animals have their own particular body plan, a
term used to describe an animal’s shape, symmetry,
and internal organization.

A

Body Symmetry

56
Q

3 types of body symmetry

A

asymmetrical
radial
bilateral

57
Q

Body symmetry of nimals that grow in an irregular pattern, such as a
sponge

A

asymmetry

58
Q

Animals with ________ have body parts
arranged
around a central axis.

A

radial symmetry

59
Q

Animals with this body symmetry have
a distinct right and left half, and most display
cephalization.

A

bilateral symmetry

60
Q

Animals have one of three basic body plans:

A
  • acoelomate
  • pseudocoelomate
  • coelomate
61
Q

a fluid-filled space found between the body wall and the
digestive tract (gut).

A

coelom

62
Q

Coelom is lined with cells that come from ______

A

mesoderm

63
Q

blastopore develops into a mouth

A

protostomes

64
Q

blastopore develops into an anus

A

Deuterostomes

Humans are deuterostomes

65
Q

Animals with no body cavity

A

acoelomate

66
Q

The space between an acoelomate’s
body wall and gut is completely
filled with ______

A

tissues

67
Q

have a body cavity located
between the mesoderm and
endoderm.

A

pseudocoelomate

Their body cavity is called a
pseudocoelom (false coelom)

68
Q

allows some animals to specialize
certain segments, such as for
antennae, eyes, claws, etc.

A

Segmentation

i.e humans, insects, and
earthworms

69
Q

It shows how animals are
related through evolution

A

Phylogenetic Tree

70
Q

contain an
extraordinary
range of body
forms and body
systems.

A

Animal Phyla

71
Q

Principles of modern zoology are derived
from:

A
  • Laws of physics and chemistry
  • Scientific method
72
Q

Questions about the proximate (or
immediate) causes that underlie the
functioning of a biological system can be
studied using

A

scientific method

73
Q

First phase of scientific method where new observations are made. This is also the time where previous data are examined.

A

observation

74
Q

It is formulated to attempt to explain the available data and observations. It also must be testable.

A

hypothesis

75
Q

The hypothesis is then tested through a series of ________ and/or observations. It must also be repeatable.

A

experiments

76
Q

a replicate set up

A

control group

77
Q

Made by scientists based on the data gathered

A

conclusion

78
Q

True or False

The conclusion may involve
accepting or rejecting the initial
hypothesis.

A

True

79
Q

True or False

Further experiments will not require
adjustments to the conclusions.

A

False

80
Q

Hypotheses are said to be supported,
but not proven.

A

True

80
Q

results when a group of related
hypotheses are supported by many
experiments and observations.

A

theory

81
Q

The creator of the ‘activity model’
for the process of
scientific inquiry, which shows
the more complex
interactions that are
really involved.

A

William S. Harwood

Zoology (5 decks)

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