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Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of animal life

A

Zoology

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2
Q

Purpose of Zoology

A
  • attempt to solve the mysteries of animal life and its origin
  • documenting the diversity of animal life
  • organizing it in a systematic way
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3
Q

It is gaining knowledge using scientific method

A

Nature of science/Science

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4
Q

Enumerate the Scientific Method (in chronological order)

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experiment
  4. Conclusion
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5
Q

general properties of living systems

living systems demonstrate a unique and complex molecular organization

A

Chemical Uniqueness

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6
Q

atoms+bonds=?

A

Macromolecules

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7
Q

4 major categories of macromolecules

A
  • nucleic acids
  • protein
  • lipids
  • carbohydrates
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8
Q

the type of nucleic acid that carries genetic information found in all living organisms

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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9
Q

an enzyme found in mitochondria that is responsible for storing and transferring energy in cells

A

ATP (Adenosine 5’-triphosphate)

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10
Q

a hormonal protein secreted by the pancreas to regulate the levels of blood sugar in the body

A

insulin

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11
Q

a type of structural protein that forms the connective framework of your muscles, bones, tendons, skin and cartilage

A

collagen

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12
Q

the main structural component in hair, nails, teeth and skin

A

keratin

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13
Q

a structural protein that allows the skin/organ to be flexible and bounce back to its original shape

A

elastin

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14
Q

are formed in the white blood cells and attack bacteria, viruses and other harmful microorganisms

A

antibodies/immunoglobulin

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15
Q

an ion required for the formation of hemoglobin, the main structural component of red blood cells

A

Iron

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16
Q

regulates and guards against the adverse effects of excess iron in your body

A

Ferritin

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17
Q

carries oxygen to body tissues from the lungs

A

Hemoglobin

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17
Q

carries oxygen to body tissues from the lungs

A

Hemoglobin

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18
Q

control the substances that enter and leave the cells, including water and nutrients

A

receptor proteins

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19
Q

an enzyme, or special protein, that helps you digest carbohydrates

A

Amylase

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20
Q

an enzyme produced in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach that the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines.

A

lipase

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21
Q

two types of carbohydrates

A
  • simple carbohydrate (mono- and disaccharides)
  • complex carbohydrate
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22
Q

the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body’s cells

A

glucose

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23
Q

General Properties of Living Systems

living systems demonstrate a unique and complex
hierarchical organization.

A

Complexity and hierarchical organization

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24
ascending order of animal complexity
macromolecules cells organism population species
25
number of individuals of a particular species in an area
Population
26
an interacting group of various species in a common location
Community
27
# General Properties of Living Systems Living systems can reproduce themselves.
Reproduction
28
transmission of traits
heredity
29
differences in traits
variation
30
# General Properties of Living Systems A genetic program provides fidelity of inheritance.
Possession of a genetic program
31
# General Properties of Living Systems Living organisms maintain themselves by obtaining nutrients from their environments.
Metabolism ## Footnote composed of: digestion energy production synthesis of molecules and structures
32
The study of the performance of complex metabolic functions
physiology
33
All organisms pass through a characteristic life cycle.
Development
33
# General Properties of Living Systems All organisms pass through a characteristic life cycle.
Development
33
All organisms pass through a characteristic life cycle.
Development
34
Characteristic changes that an organism undergoes
zygote to adult senescence
35
# General Properties of Living Systems All animals interact with their environment.
Environmental Interaction
36
permits to understand how an organism can perceive environmental stimuli and respond in appropriate ways by adjusting its metabolism and physiology.
Ecology
37
the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli
irritability
38
ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments.
responsiveness
39
susceptibility of an organism to that variation whereby it becomes suited to or fitted for its conditions of environment
Adaptability
40
Features that all animals have
1. heterotrophy 2. mobility 3. multicellularity 4. sexual reproduction 5. diploidy 6. the absence of a cell wall 7. cells organized as tissues 8. blastula formation.
41
animals can't make their own food
heterotrophy
42
Animals can swim, crawl, walk, run, and even fly
mobility
43
fixed in one place; immobile
sessile
44
Made up of more then one cell
multicellularity
45
Almost all animals reproduce sexually by producing gametes
sexual reproduction
46
Unlike the egg cells, the sperm cells of animals have a ____ and are highly mobile
flagella
47
Unlike the egg cells, the sperm cells of animals have a flagella and are highly mobile.
diploidy
48
Among the cells of multicellular organisms, only animal cells lack rigid cell walls.
Absence of cell wall
49
Among the cells of multicellular organisms, only animal cells lack rigid cell walls.
the absence of a cell wall
50
the zygote (fertilized egg cell) undergoes cell divisions that form a hollow ball of cells called
blastula
51
Outer layer of skin; nervous system; sense organs such as the eyes
ectoderm
52
Lining of the digestive tract; respiratory systems; urinary bladder; digestive organs; liver; glands
endoderm
53
Most of the skeleton; muscles; circulatory system; reproductive organs; excretory organs
mesoderm
54
are groups of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a specific function.
tissues
55
All animals have their own particular body plan, a term used to describe an animal’s shape, symmetry, and internal organization.
Body Symmetry
55
All animals have their own particular body plan, a term used to describe an animal’s shape, symmetry, and internal organization.
Body Symmetry
55
All animals have their own particular body plan, a term used to describe an animal’s shape, symmetry, and internal organization.
Body Symmetry
56
3 types of body symmetry
asymmetrical radial bilateral
57
Body symmetry of nimals that grow in an irregular pattern, such as a sponge
asymmetry
58
Animals with ________ have body parts arranged around a central axis.
radial symmetry
59
Animals with this body symmetry have a distinct right and left half, and most display cephalization.
bilateral symmetry
60
Animals have one of three basic body plans:
* acoelomate * pseudocoelomate * coelomate
61
a fluid-filled space found between the body wall and the digestive tract (gut).
coelom
62
Coelom is lined with cells that come from ______
mesoderm
63
blastopore develops into a mouth
protostomes
64
blastopore develops into an anus
Deuterostomes ## Footnote Humans are deuterostomes
65
Animals with no body cavity
acoelomate
66
The space between an acoelomate’s body wall and gut is completely filled with ______
tissues
67
have a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm.
pseudocoelomate ## Footnote Their body cavity is called a pseudocoelom (false coelom)
68
allows some animals to specialize certain segments, such as for antennae, eyes, claws, etc.
Segmentation ## Footnote i.e humans, insects, and earthworms
69
It shows how animals are related through evolution
Phylogenetic Tree
70
contain an extraordinary range of body forms and body systems.
Animal Phyla
71
Principles of modern zoology are derived from:
* Laws of physics and chemistry * Scientific method
72
Questions about the proximate (or immediate) causes that underlie the functioning of a biological system can be studied using
scientific method
73
First phase of scientific method where new observations are made. This is also the time where previous data are examined.
observation
74
It is formulated to attempt to explain the available data and observations. It also must be testable.
hypothesis
75
The hypothesis is then tested through a series of ________ and/or observations. It must also be repeatable.
experiments
76
a replicate set up
control group
77
Made by scientists based on the data gathered
conclusion
78
# True or False The conclusion may involve accepting or rejecting the initial hypothesis.
True
79
# True or False Further experiments will not require adjustments to the conclusions.
False
80
Hypotheses are said to be supported, but not proven.
True
80
results when a group of related hypotheses are supported by many experiments and observations.
theory
81
The creator of the ‘activity model’ for the process of scientific inquiry, which shows the more complex interactions that are really involved.
William S. Harwood

Zoology (5 decks)

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