Lecture 6 : Violence and disorder in the night-time economy

Question 1

What percentage of all recorded violent incidents in England and Wales (2019/20) involved a victim who believed their attacker was under the influence of alcohol?

Answer 1

42%

Question 2

What is the estimated annual cost of alcohol-related violent crime in England and Wales?
Violent

Answer 2

Nearly £1 billion

Question 3

What is the estimated annual cost of alcohol-related health problems in England and Wales?
Health

Answer 3

£1.9 billion

Question 4

What are the four main categories used to explain/understand the problems in the Night-Time Economy (NTE)?

Answer 4

People
Venue
Place
Market

Question 5

Which three categories did Hatfield and Mesham make a useful distinction between?

Answer 5

People, Venue, Place

Question 6

What were the 4 key consequences of deindustrialization in the 1980s?

Answer 6

• Mass unemployment
• Decline of industry and manufacturing
• And with that, a decline in jobs for men, in particular
• Economic recession

Question 7

By what percentage did licensed premises increase nationally between 1980 and 2005?

Answer 7

30%

Question 7

What was the percentage increase in licensed premises in Manchester between 1998 and 2001?

Answer 7

240%

Question 7

During which period was virtually all the disorder in Cardiff’s city center attributable to one street with a rapid increase in licensed premises?

Answer 7

1999–2001

Question 8

What is civic boosterism in the context of urban development?

Answer 8

A way of bolstering the image of a city by attracting alcohol-related entertainment.

Question 9

Who described the stress upon market ideology creating a fog of civic boosterism shrouding heavy episodic alcohol consumption?

Answer 9

Hobbs et al., 2005

Question 10

According to a Chief Inspector cited in Taylor-Swann (2007), what was the primary goal of attracting new business to cities?

Answer 10

Attracting new business regardless of the implications and impact.

Question 10

What term does Swann (2012) use to describe cities competing to attract new businesses through appealing urban features?

Answer 10

“Urban Beauty Contests”
UBC

Question 10

What is the title of the 2007 government strategy addressing alcohol consumption?

Answer 10

Safe, sensible and social

Question 11

What is considered the root cause of violence and disorder in the NTE according to the provided content?
The Collusion

Answer 11

The collusion between local authorities and big business, rather than at the level of individuals or groups/populations.

Question 11

What was the result of allowing big business and corporations to expand largely unchecked?

Answer 11

They did not bear the costs or responsibility for the alcohol-related violence and disorder associated with their expansion.

Question 11

How did local authorities use inward investment from alcohol-related entertainment businesses?

Answer 11

To boost and regenerate urban centers and provide much-needed jobs and income.

Question 12

According to the “Safe, sensible and social” strategy, who are considered the problem drinkers?

Answer 12

• 18-24 year old binge drinkers.
• Young people under 18 who drink alcohol.
• Harmful, adult drinkers who don’t necessarily realise their drinking is damaging their physical and mental health.

Question 13

Who does the “Safe, sensible and social” strategy focus on?

Answer 13

The minority of drinkers who cause the most harm

Question 13

What is the government’s role according to the “Safe, sensible and social” strategy?

Answer 13

• Onus on drinking responsibly
• Irresponsible drinking linked to quantity

Question 14

What does the focus on youth consumption of alcohol aim to educate them about?

Answer 14

Sensible levels of alcohol consumption

Question 15

What was the aim of the premises-level intervention studied by Moore et al., (2012)?

Answer 15

To reduce ‘alcohol-related harm including violence’

Question 16

What term did Hobbs et al. use to describe the created environment in the NTE?

Answer 16

‘Enacted environment’

Question 17

What phrase describes the inconsistency in addressing alcohol consumption in the NTE according to Hobbs et al.?

Answer 17

Prevailing hypocrisy

Question 18

According to Hobbs et al., where has the power shifted from and to in the context of policing?

Answer 18

From public to private policing

Question 18

What three factors are highlighted in Hobbs et al.’s critique of the NTE?

Answer 18

Corporate (ir)responsibility,
the profit motive and
weak local government

Question 19

How does Hobbs et al. describe bouncers in the NTE?

Answer 19

As ‘those professionals of violence’

Question 20

What does the pursuit of profit in the NTE encourage, according to Hobbs et al.?

Answer 20

It encourages transgression

Question 21

What is the main concern of Critical Realism (CR)?

Answer 21

The identification of structures that generate the world

Question 22

What is the primary focus of Project Vigilant in the night-time economy (NTE)?

Answer 22

Targeting incidents of sexual violence

Question 22

What behaviors does Project Vigilant focus on identifying?

Answer 22

Predatory behaviors

Question 23

What type of policing approach does Project Vigilant use?

Answer 23

A Problem-oriented approach

Question 24

What initiative has Cardiff city centre earned for its commitment to enhancing the night-time economy?

Answer 24

Purple Flag status

Question 25

What shift does the mixed evening economy aim to achieve?

Answer 25

A shift away from alcohol-dependent late night-time economy (pubs and clubs) toward a more diverse and inclusive evening economy

Question 25

What is the aim of having a mixed evening economy?

Answer 25

To have a more safe, inclusive, and diverse range of activities and to reduce alcohol-related public health issues