Lecture 6: Ventilation, work, breathing strategies

Question 1

Minute ventilation

Answer 1

can be changed by altering tidal volume and breathing frequency
VE= f* Vt

Question 2

Alveolar ventilation

Answer 2

fraction of minute ventilation, volume of air that reaches alvelous

Question 3

Gas exchange area

Answer 3

respiratory zone, alveloi, where exchange of o2 and CO2 takes place

Question 4

Gas conducting zone

Answer 4

no gas exchange participation, last gas in, first gas out

Question 5

Dead space volume

Answer 5

volume of air in conducting zone that is not used for ventilation

Question 6

Concentrations of o2 and co2 in blood are directly related to?

Answer 6

alveolar concentratin

Question 7

Increasing tidal volume (pro & con)

Answer 7

more effective alveloar ventilation

more work of brething

Question 8

Increasing breathing frequency (pro and con)

Answer 8

energetically favorable

increased dead space ventilation, more effort required to ventialte

Question 9

anatomic dead space

Answer 9

conducting airways where no gas exchange occurs

Question 10

panting

Answer 10

ventialting dead specae but maintains body temp by removing heat

Question 11

alveolar Po2

Answer 11

100mmHg

Question 12

alveolar Pco2

Answer 12

40 mmHG

Question 13

Hyperventilation

Answer 13

increase alveolar ventilation and co2 removal from alveoli faster than its delivered by blood, PAco2 and Po2

Question 14

Hypoventilation

Answer 14

inadequate alveolar ventilation, increased Pco2 anf decreased P02, CO2 delivery exceeds getting rid of it

Question 15

Measurment of PO2 and PCO2

Answer 15

last breath toleave mouth upon exhilation

Question 16

Inspiration

Answer 16

stretch, overcome lung elastic recoil - stored as potential energy

Question 17

Expiration

Answer 17

recovers most of stored potential energy

Question 18

Increased R causes?

Answer 18

increase work , increase effort and hypoventilation

Question 19

Minimal work of breathing

Answer 19

optimizes tidal volume and breathing frequency; where most animals breath

Question 20

Horse Breathing pattern

Answer 20

active expiration by contraction of abdominal muscles and passive inspiration of FRC folowed by active inspiration above FRC
Breathing is synchronized with gate