Lecture 13: Control of Breathing

Question 1

Origin and nature of respiratory rhythem comes from?

Answer 1

neural networks ad interaction of inspiratory and expiratory neuron pools

Question 2

Goals of inspiratory control system?

Answer 2

provide appropriate gases for life

Question 3

Neural drive of breathing

Answer 3

-control neural activity

Question 4

Conscious control of breathing, central respiratory rhythem generator and what helps with automatic rhythmic respiration occurs where?

Answer 4

Medullary centers

Question 5

Obex

Answer 5

continuous motorneurons that produce AP;s but whose activity doesn’t overlap

Question 6

Inspiratory neurons

Answer 6

active during inflation cycle of ventialtion

Question 7

Expiratory neurons

Answer 7

active during expiration cycle during ventilatin

Question 8

Dorsal Respiratory Group

Answer 8

primarily inspiratory neurons and provide rhythmic drive to contralateral phrenic motor neurons

Question 9

Ventral Respiratory Group

Answer 9

Located in nucleolus ambiguous, and retroambigious

2/3 are expiratory muscles

Question 10

nucleus Retroambigous

Answer 10

source of rhythmic drive to external and internal intercostal muscles and abs

Question 11

Interneurons

Answer 11

switch neurons that are active b/w inspiration and expiration and help build control phase durations

Question 12

Central Inspiratory activity (CIA)

Answer 12

drives phrenic motor nucleolus and accessory inspiratory muscles

Question 13

Central expiratory activity (CEA)

Answer 13

drives expiratory muscle neurons

Question 14

Pontine Centers

Answer 14

normal respiratory rhythem

Question 15

Pons region in the brainstem influes?

Answer 15

meduallary oscillator

Question 16

Apneuristic center

Answer 16

stimulation results in prolonged and sustained inspiration, tonic contraction of diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles

Question 17

Pnemotaxic ceter

Answer 17

stimulation late in inspiration facilitates inpsiratory off-switching, isolating apneursitic center and medullary oscillator, slow regular deep breathing

Question 18

Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSR)

Answer 18

dominant controller of respiration; mylinated

Question 19

Mechaoreceptors PSR

Answer 19

located in smooth muscle airways

Question 20

Mechaoreceptor- PSR activity increases when? decreases when?

Answer 20

Increases with inflation
decreases with expiration
continuous with sustained inflation’s

Question 21

By mediating Herinf-Breuer reflex

Answer 21

hyperventilation of lungs induces apnea

Question 22

Rapidly adapting recepts (RAR)

Answer 22

mylinated

Question 23

RAR are locared in

Answer 23

epithelium and smooth muscle

Question 24

RAR Mechanoreceptors

Answer 24

discharge in response to inflayion and deflation

Question 25

RAR reflex response

Answer 25

inspiratory excitatory, involved in cough

Question 26

Lung C fibers

Answer 26

Moniter lung statis

Question 27

Lung C fibers are?

Answer 27

unmyleinated, slow conducting nerve fibers located in airway epithelium and interstitial spaces between alveolar membrane and cApillary

Question 28

Pulmonary C-fibers

Answer 28

J-receptors, accessible through pulmonary ciculation; responds to cheicals by decreaseng BP and apnea

Question 29

Bronchial C-fibers

Answer 29

accessible through broncial systemic circulation, responds to chemicals in airways by increasing BO, hyperapnea and causing cough

Question 30

Chemoreceptor (O2)modulation- located in?

Answer 30

carotid and aortic bodies
aortic-vagus nerve
carotid- glossopharyngeal

Question 31

Chemoreceptor (O2) is stimulated by?

Answer 31

decreased oxygen pressure, if it gets below 100mmHg then the receptor discharges

Question 32

Hypoxic response to chemoreceptors

Answer 32

keep CO2 at normal levels, decreased PO2 results in large increase in ventilation

Question 33

Chemoreceptor (CO2) located in?

Answer 33

peripheral receptors in carotid and aortic bodies

central receptors in BBB near medulla

Question 34

The CSF is well buffered or not well buffered?

Answer 34

not well buffered