Lecture 11: Respiration Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Buffer

Answer 1

reduces changes in pH resulting from addition of strong acids or bases; decrease impact of excess h+ immediately available; don’t eliminate H+ from body

Question 2

Properties of Buffers

Answer 2

Most resistant to changes in H+ when pH= K
Buffering ability of +/- 1 pH unit of pK
Strength directly relatedto concentration of buffer pair components

Question 3

Buffers in the body

Answer 3

Phosphate buffer
protein buffer
Bicarb buffer

Question 4

Phosphate Buffer

Answer 4

weak; pK= 6.8

Question 5

Protein Buffer system

Answer 5

Uses Hb, most important blood borne protein buffer, pK= 5.3-8.3

Question 6

Bicarb Buffer system

Answer 6

open system that removes acid by elimination into environment; directly regulated by the lungs (CO2 by ventilation) and kidneys (H+ by urination)

Question 7

CO2

Answer 7

acid

Question 8

HCO3

Answer 8

base

Question 9

H+

Answer 9

free proton

Question 10

CO2 and H+ are continuously removed from the body at the rate at which?

Answer 10

it is produced

Question 11

This is used as a catalyst to slow the intial step

Answer 11

carbonic anhydrase

Question 12

Extracellular blood pH

Answer 12

7.35-7.45

Question 13

Extracelllular bood is regulated by?

Answer 13

Respitory, Renal and GI Tracts

Question 14

which system has the largest release of CO2

Answer 14

Lungs

Question 15

By increasing H+ you?

Answer 15

decrease pH (make more acidic)

Question 16

Acidosis

Answer 16

increase H+, lower pH, fluid becomes acidic

Question 17

Alkalosis

Answer 17

decrease H+, increase pH, fluid becomes mroe basic

Question 18

Acidemia

Answer 18

increase H+, lower pH, BLOOD pH below normal range

Question 19

Alkalemia

Answer 19

decrease H+, higher pH, BLOOD pH higher than normal

Question 20

Respiratpry

Answer 20

changes in breathing that is making pH out of normal range, compensated by metabolic sources (kidney)

Question 21

Metabolic

Answer 21

changes in body metabolism that is making pH out of normal range; compensated by respiratory source (lungs)

Question 22

Hyperventilation

Answer 22

excessive loss of CO2

Question 23

Respitory acicdosis

Answer 23

Insufficient ventilation
Signs: CNS and skin vasodilated, hypokelemia, increased sympatho-adrenal tone (increase HR and blood pressure)
Compensated by kidney, retains base (HCO3-) to increase pH

Question 24

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 24

addition or retention of non-volatile acid
Loss of base- diarrhea
signs: oxygen-hb binding decreased, impared myocardial contractility, increased ventilation
Compensated by the lungs excreting moreCO2- hyperventilation

Question 25

Metabolov Alkalosis

Answer 25

Loss of non-volatile fatty acid (vomiting) signs: decreased ventilation, cerebrovasodilation compensated by lungs excreting less CO2, hypoventialtion