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AFAB II > Lecture 6 (test 2): Hip Musculature > Flashcards

Lecture 6 (test 2): Hip Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

the lumbar plexus supplies what area of the body

A

anterior/medial thigh

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2
Q

the sacral plexus supplies what area of the body

A

posterior lateral hip and posterior thigh and entire lower leg

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3
Q

anterior capsule is innervated by

A

femoral and obturator nerves from the lumbar plexus

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4
Q

posterior capsule is innervated by what

A

sacral plexus

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5
Q

roots of femoral n

A

L2-4

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6
Q

the femoral n supplies what

A

most hip flexors
-psoas
-iliacus
-sartorious
-pectineus
-quads

all knee extensors

sensory to anterior medial thigh

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7
Q

obturator n roots

A

L2-4

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8
Q

obturator n supplies what

A

hipp adductirs

obturator externus

sensory to medial thigh

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9
Q

nerves that come of sacral plexus

A

superior gluteal n
inferior gluteal n
n to piriformis
scaitic n
n to obturator internus and gemellus sup
n to quadratus femoris and gemellus inf

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10
Q

primary muscles that flex the hip

A

iliopsoas
sartorius
tensor fascia latae
rectus femoris
adductor longus
pectineus

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11
Q

secondary muscles that flex the hip

A

adductor brevis
gracilis
anterior fibers glut min

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12
Q

describe iliopsoas and psoas major

A

large/long

iliacus= in iliacus fossa/over SI joint

psaos major = TP T12/discs (blends with diaphragm)

both muscles blend anterior to the femoral head before attaching to the lesser trochanter

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13
Q

what is “internal snapping hip”

A

distal abrasion at iliopubic eminence region

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14
Q

actions of iliopsoas

A

prominent femoral on hip flexor and flexor of trunk/pelvis over fixed thighs

swing phase of walk/run

frontal plane stability of lumbar spine (bilateral contraction) with unilateral leg SLR

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15
Q

where is psoas minor, where does it attach, and what does it do

A

directly anterior to major

present in 60-65%

attaches on T12/L1 bodies medial to acetabulum and iliac fascia

may help stabilize the position of the underlying psoas major (prevents “bowstring”)

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16
Q

describe the sartorius (location, characteristics, and actions)

A

longest muscle in body.
“tailor’s muscle”
runs form ASIS to medial proximal tibia at pes anserine

actions = hip flexion, ER, and abd

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17
Q

innervation of sartorious

A

femoral n (posterior division of L2 and L3)

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18
Q

attachment and action of tensor fascia latae

A

from ilium to IT band (short)

flexor/abd of hip

*IR from ER only

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19
Q

TFL innervation

A

superior gluteal n

L4, L5, S1

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20
Q

rectus femoris attachments and function

A

between sartorius and TFL

from AIIS and sup rim of acetabulum/capsule to the tibia

1/3 isometric torque at hip

primary knee extensor

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21
Q

innervation rectus femoris

A

femoral n

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22
Q

describe pelvic on femoral hip flexion: anterior tilt

A

a force couple with femurs fixed: hip flexors and trunk extensors (stretch flexors, contract extensors??)

lordosis increases

load on facets increase anterior shear force of L5/S1

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23
Q

describe femoral on plevic hip flexion

A

often simultaneous with knee flexion to shorten limb

mod to high power coactivation of hip flexors and abdominals

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24
Q

what happens if the core is not properly activated during activation of the hip flexors

A

reduced activation of core causes a marked anterior tilt of pelvis with contraction of hip flexors

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25
Q

primary muscles that adduct the hip

A

pectineus
adductor longus
gracilis
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

26
Q

secondary muscles that adduct the hip

A

biceps femoris (long head)
glut max (inf fibers)
quadratus femoris
obturator externus

27
Q

what are the 3 layers of muscles for hip adduction

A

superficial: pectineus, add longus, and gracilis

middle: adductor brevis

deep: add magnus- horizontal and oblique (60% mass)

28
Q

describe the muscle function of hip add

A

produces force in all 3 planes

primarily in sagittal and frontal

29
Q

frontal plane function of adductors

A

femoral on pelvis and pelvis on femoral

i.e. kicking a soccer ball

R leg is femoral on pelvis add and L is pelvis on femoral add

eccentric activation of the L glut med to help control the velocity and extent of the drop of the adducting L hip

30
Q

sagittal plane function of the adductors

A

adductor magnus: post fibers are powerful hip extensors

outside 40-70 degrees flexion, adductors can be powerful flexors or extensors

hip near full flexion = add assist in ext

hip near full ext = add assist flexors

**important in high power cyclical motions like sprinting, cycling, deep squat, etc

31
Q

what muscles IR the hip

A

anatomical position = no perfect positioned IRs

secondary rotators = ant fibers glut min/med, TFL, add longus/brevis, pectineus

32
Q

how does flexion affect the IRs torque

A

60-90 degrees hip flexion the IRs torque changes due to angle

i.e. piriformis becomes IR past 60 degrees

33
Q

function of IRs during gait

A

durign stance they RT the pelvis on femur

34
Q

what is the clinical significance of an IR torque bias with greater hip flexion

A

related to excessively internally roatates and flexed crouched gait pattern in some people

poor control/weakness of hip extensors= typically flexed posture of the hip exaggerates the IT torque potential of many muscles of the hip

35
Q

primary hip extensor muscles

A

glut max
hamstrings
post head of adductor magnus

36
Q

secondary hip extensor muscles

A

middle and post fibers of glut med and ant fibers of adductor magnus

37
Q

after 70 degrees of hip flexion mist adductor muscles can assist with what

A

hip extension

38
Q

glut max innervation

A

inferior gluteal n

39
Q

hamstrings innervation

A

sciatic n (tibial L5-S2)

40
Q

post head of adductor magnus innervation

A

obturator n (posterior division; L2, 3, 4)

41
Q

attachments of glut max

A

illium
sacrum
coccyx
ST and post SIJ lig
TL fascia

runs to

ITB, TFL, and gluteal tuberosity on femur

42
Q

functions of glut max

A

EXT
ER

stabilizes SIJ

43
Q

attachments and functions of hamstrings

A

IT to tibia and fibula

extend hip and flex knee

44
Q

what happens with pelvic on femoral hip ext: posterior pelvic tilt

A

force couple with femurs fixed

hip extensors and abdominal muscles

lordosis reduced

forward lean of body

45
Q

2 phases of forward lean of body

A

primarily uses hamstrings; forward lean increases the moment arm of HS which increases passive tension in HS

1: slight: COG still in pelvic girdle; minimum activation from glut max and HS

2: significant lean: COG out from hips; increase HS use but not glut max

46
Q

describe femoral on pelvic hip ext

A

typically a large and powerful ext torque

rapid accelerations

47
Q

why is a large knee ext torque needed by RF during femoral on pelvis hip ext

A

1: external load and BW cause knee flexion torque

2: to counter string knee flexion torques creased by HS and gastroc

large muscle contribution also creates an anterior tilt/hip flexion and the glut max/adductor magnus must match and exceed that torque to create hip ext and climb the hill

48
Q

primary adbuctors of the hip

A

glut med
glut min
TFL

49
Q

characteristics of glut med

A

goes from ilium to greater trochanter

largest at 60-65% of abdcutirs

excellent leverage

has anterior/middle/posterior portions

50
Q

characteristics of glut min

A

deep and anterior to medius

from ilium to greater trochanter

blends with capusle hip joint (may prevent impingement)

51
Q

secondary abductors of hip

A

piriformis
sartorius
rectus femoris
ant/sup fibers of glut max

52
Q

why might abductors of the hip require neutralization to get pure abduction

A

all have either IR or ER actions and thus require neutralization to get pure abd

53
Q

how do hip abductors provide frontal plane stability with walking

A

stance phase abductors stabilize pelvis over a fixed femur to keep pelvis from dropping

54
Q

how do hip abductors produce compression force at the hip

A

seesaw with femoral head as a fulcrum

need static rotatory equiliibrium

every step = force of joint is combined forces of abd muscles and body weight with an equal and opposite JRF

55
Q

when does max (torque) capacity of hip abductors occur? weakest?

A

when adducted just beyond neutral which is the position of unilateral stance

also where ITB has some passive tension due to a slight stretch (femur on pelvis adduction)

weakest is at 40 deg

56
Q

primary ERs of hip

A

glut max

5 of the 6 short external rotators

57
Q

secondary ERs of hip

A

post fibers of glut med and min

obturator externus

sartorius

LH biceps femoris

58
Q

nerves of the ERs of hip

A

superior gluteal
obturator n
n to piriformis
n to obturator internus
n to obturator externus

59
Q

what are the 6 short external rotators

A

piriformis
obturator internus
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
obturator externus

60
Q

how does pelvic on femoral RT occur

A

ER muscles RT pelvis over the femur

R LE planted and ER contraction will RT the anterior side of the pelvis and trunk to the L (contralateral to the rotators)

61
Q

what muscle actions may occur with “planting and cutting” in sports

A

ex: glut max can ER and ext for turn and push off

adductors/IRs can eccentrically decelerate but can be subject to strain

AFAB II (14 decks)

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