Lecture 10: Ankle and Foot Osteology (test 3)

Question 1

when walking and running describe the required stability of the foot

Answer 1

needs to be pliable to absorb impact and conform to surface

rigid enough to transfer forces

Question 2

what is the talocrural joint

Answer 2

tibia + fibula + talus

“ankle” joint

Question 3

what is considered the foot

Answer 3

all tarsal bones and joints distal to ankle

Question 4

what are the 3 regions within the foot

Answer 4

rearfoor (hindfoot) = talus, calcaneus, and subtalar joint

midfoot = tarsal bones, transverse tarsal joint, and intertarsal joints

forefoot = metatarsals and phalanges with all tarsometatarsal joints

Question 5

what are the osteologic similarities between the distal leg and the distal arm

Answer 5

radius and tibia each articulate with a set of small bones

7 small bones each (when pisiform is considered)

metatarsals and metacarpals are similar as well as the phalanges

thumb and great toe are NOT the same though

Question 6

describe the fibula

Answer 6

long and thin

can palpate head

trasnfers 10% weight

forms lateral malleolus

articulate facet for talus

Question 7

describe the distal tibia

Answer 7

broadens to transfer load

medial malleolus

articular surface for talus

fibular notch

twisted externally at longitudinal 20-30 degrees

Question 8

describe the trochlear surface of the talus

Answer 8

rounded dome

convex AP

slightly concave ML

Question 9

describe the projection of the talus

Answer 9

head projects forward and slightly medially

30 degrees medial to sagittal plane (40-50 with peds)

Question 10

describe the facets of the talus

Answer 10

3 facets on the inferior surface (anterior, medial, and posterior)

facets form the subtalar joint with the calcaneus

Question 11

the posterior medial groove of the talus is important for what purpose

Answer 11

acts for a pully for the FHL

Question 12

describe the calcaneus

Answer 12

largest of the tarsals

impacts with heel strike

calcaneal tuberosity = achilles attachment

forms joints with cuboid and talus

has medial and lateral processes that are attachments for intrinsics and fascia

sustentaculum talus = horizontal shelf/middle facet for talus

Question 13

the navicular bone forms joints with what bones

Answer 13

talus

3 cuneiforms

Question 14

the navicular tuberosity is the attachment site for what muscle

Answer 14

posterior tibialis

Question 15

importance of the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms

Answer 15

spacers between navicular and 3 metatarsal bones

contribute to the transverse arch

Question 16

what are the articular surfaces of the cuboid

Answer 16

6 total

3 attachments with the tarsals

attachments to 4th and 5th metatarsals

Question 17

the groove along the plantar surface of the cuboid is where what runs

Answer 17

peroneus (fibularis) longus

Question 18

describe the metatarsals

Answer 18

5 linked tarsals and phalanges

2nd and 3rd are most rigidly connected

base facets are proximal, then shaft, then convex head distally

shaft is concave on plantar surface

1st has 2 sesamoid bones in FHL

5th has prominent styloid process (attachment for peroneus brevis)

Question 19

describe the phalanges of the foot

Answer 19

14 total

4 have proximal/middle/distal components

great toe has proximal and distal