Lecture 6: Ring Zuid / participation

Question 1

What are the main goals of the ring road project?

Answer 1

City and region better acessible
liveable environment
more traffic safety.

Question 2

How did the governance look like?

Answer 2

steering committee and directors consultation: Rijkswaterstaat, province, municipality, wathc over progress, risk profile, administrative and political issues

Project manager: represents three partners, mandated to execute project

project management team: integral project management model

Question 3

What kind of construct was the case with Ring ZUid?

Answer 3

It was Design and Construct.

Question 4

What is the biggest change on the infrastructure network.

Answer 4

Less roundabouts and traffic lights but more free flow now.

Question 5

stakeholder management how did it go @Ring Zuid project?

Answer 5

Environment had to be prepared. Cables had to be removed/replaced. Permits had to be gotten.

Communication

Traffic management

Question 6

What did the stakeholder management focus on?

Answer 6

Impact of the reconstruction
Avoiding nuisance
Clear communication
Trade/off nuisance - time - money.

Question 7

What were the most important stakeholders?

Answer 7

Government, city, province, central government
Local residents
Businesses
Hospitals
Educational institutions
Interest Groups
Hobbyists

Question 8

How was the preparation of environment done

Answer 8

• Moving cables and pipes to make room
• Investigating the effects of the plan
• Tracé-besluit
• Construction permit
• Water permit
• Nature conservation permit

Question 9

Name the three rounds of participatory planning in NL

Answer 9

1 Consultation
2 Collaborative planning (PPP)
3 Participatory budgetting

Question 10

How did participation emerge?

Answer 10

Since 1960 since the civil rights movements. things were very top down. –> new left. social democracy. they wanted to channel unstructured protest movements in new parialmentory ways. After that:

Ideology of Dutch third report on national spatial planning ffrom 1972 - 1983. No more blue print planning but procedural and flexible plans with new facilities for participation and adjustments along the way.

Question 11

What did participatory planning slowly lead to in planning?

Answer 11

it enabled citizens to critize and react to spatial proposals made by government agencies. This was later incorporated into formal planning procedures and legislation.

Question 12

What characterizes the second round? around the 1970s

Answer 12

New Ideas about co-production and collaborative planning. New kind of entrepreuneurial style of planning. Local, regional and national governments wanted to collab with major stakeholders in business.

Question 13

Explain how ‘seemingly’ succesful applications of collaborative planning lead to undemocratic decision-making in back rooms.

Answer 13

Government and old white powerful dudes would only invite specific parties to participate. In this way it was not democratic and not everyonbe could review things.

Question 14

Explain characteristics of the third round.

Answer 14

People wanted to make their own projects. All kinds of initiatives from citizens. Backed up by governmental budgets. stimulated other examples of collective management of public neighborhood space.

Question 15

Explain how the three forms of planning relate to the three forms of public administration.

Answer 15

Public administration is very about top down policies. So more about consultation. Presenting initiatives but it can kind of not be changed anymore.

New public management is about involing the market more. Collaborative planning is exactly that. Involving the market with the use of PPPs

Participatory budgetting is really related to new public governance. This is really about people making their own plan.

Question 16

What is the current understanding of particapatory planning?

Answer 16

own specific resources of stakeholders.
Public value is mutually created
Diverse resources essential for effective decision-making, policy design and implementation
Government main task –> facilitating.

All from Willems et al. (2020)

Question 17

Why even participation in the first place?

Answer 17

• Democratic and legal point of view: they have to. EU projects should tdo it
• More efficient and effective planning
• creates trust in government
• local knowledge
• increase acceptance of projects
• adressing societal needs
• resulting process policy project is more legit.

Question 18

The context changing also leads to more people feeling the need to participate. How so?

Answer 18

Improved accessibility of information, individualization, increased empowerment, improved technical means

Position of planning within local, regional and national governments has weakened

–> Shift in relative power of actors involved in spatial planning practice.
–> Governments can’t act on their own anymore

Question 19

What is the difference between environmental impacts and the social impacts, related to participation?

Answer 19

Environmental impacts only happen when the first sand or soil is turned. Social impact starts the momoent there is speculation. Can be a rumour that something might happen. People immediately form all sorts of opinions.

Question 20

What is Phillipes definition of social protest?

Answer 20

Strategic forms of political action designed to influence decision making, potentially by influencing public opinion through the use of media or the internet.

Question 21

Explain how protest is an opportunity for dialogue

Answer 21

Impacts are posted on social media. Companies and ogvernments can use such input as a valuable diaologue tool with impacted communities.

Question 22

Explain the Participation ladder

Answer 22

up = citizen control, down is manipulation. the higher you go up, the more power the citizens have.

Question 23

Match the correct parts of the participation ladder to the overall theme it is associated with.

Citizen power
8
7
6

Tokenism
5
4
3

nonparticipation
2
1

Choices: therapy, consultation, informing, manipulation, placation, citizen control, delegated power, partnership.

Answer 23

Citizen power
8 Citizen control
7 Delegated power
6 Partnership

Tokenism
5 Placation
4 Consultation
3 Informing

nonparticipation
2 Therapy
1 Manipulation

Question 24

Why has public involvement not reached it highest level in participation yet within infrastructure planning?

Answer 24

Partly because of tight project scopes (time/money) but alsop strong national/regional interests that prevail above local interests.

Question 25

Match the different involvement possibilities to the correct involvement level

Low involvement

Medium involvement

High involvement

Choices: Brochures in several moments in planning process, project broad discussion group, digital newsletter, information on local media, project webiste, neighbourhood information meetings, neighborhood specirfic workgroups, formal reaction several moments in planning process, information meetings/markets city broad

Answer 25

low involvement:
Brochures several moments
information local media

medium involvement:
project website
Information meetings
neighborhood information meetings
Digital newsletter

High involvement
Giving formal reaction at several moments in planning process
project broad discussion groups
neighborhood specific workgroups

Question 26

Match the level of involvement to the correct level of satisfaction with being involved. according to Hamersma et al.

Low involvement

Medium involvement

High involvement

Choices: addressed concern, perceived access to preferred information, participation activities, (un)supportive other sources, Reduced concern, Governmental (dis)trust, participation activities, feeling heard

Answer 26

Low involvement: (un)supportive other sources
Governmental distrust
(un)adressed concern

Medium involvement: reduced concern, perceived access to preferred information

High involvement: feeling heard, perceived access to, participation activities.

Question 27

What is satisfaction of participation based on?

Answer 27

Quality of involvement activities and other contextual factors like cultural aspects, historical events, personal factors.

Question 28

Guidelines for good participation?

Answer 28

variety of communication and participation options

accessible

knowledgable on implications

good contact with key neighbourhood respresentatives

consistent message

explain why decisions are taken and why information cannot be provided - transparency

Sufficient space to take in people’s views.

Question 29

Explain how local spatial governance system seemed an important conditioning factor?

Answer 29

projects for e.g. urban drainage can define narrower participation ambition but projects led for urban development defined borader participation goals and developed more voluntary instruments.

Question 30

Willems et al. (2020) concludes on some important notes. Explain these.

Answer 30

Methods used to stimulate participation are based on preconditions of authorities. In this sense it’s still government controlled.

Public government seems not to be adaptive to initiatives that emerge from civil society itself. They often prefer collabing with formal institutional actors. –> not very democratic in public service delivery.