Lecture 3 + Stoker 2006, Alexander 2005 Flashcards
What is the difference between government and governance?
Governance denotes the modes of organization of interaction, coordination, decision making and steering in an organization, institution or state.
Government = an entity. SYstem or group of people governing an organized community
What is governance according to Stoker 2006?
framing of collective decision-making with multiple people that are part of decision-making processes in the context of considerable uncertainty and complexity.
Difference between public and private?
Public – government organizations, focus on services to the public as a whole (“responsible for the collective organization of the community life”)
Private – set up and funded by private individuals/enterprises, focus on entrepreneurial activities, taking risks to create jobs and generate a profit
What is Traditional Public Adnministration or ‘Hierarchical’?
policy making and implementation is vertically integrated as a closed system by the government
Government has a central role in making and implementing of policy
Government wants to provide for the public. Meeting all social and economic needs from the citizens.
Focus on rules and guidelines.
Ideal bureaucracy to Weber?
Delineated lines of authority in a fixed area of activity.
Action taken on the basis of rules.
Rules are implemented by neutral officials.
Explain New Public Management or Market-oriented public administration.
Implement lessons from private-sector management, with a focus on entrepreneurial leadership
Measure performance based on outcomes
Use of markets, competition and contracts for resource allocation and service delivery within public services
Implementation of policy is through a collection of independent service units, ideally in competition with each other (privatization)
“Arm’s length” organizations, where policy implementation is distanced from the policymakers.
Explain New Public Governance
Multiple different actors contribute to the delivery of public services and the policymaking system.
More of a plural (meervoud) state leading to more complex, dynamic and diverse society.
Interdependence between multiple organizations.
Continuing interactions
Importance of trust
Stoker (2006) described how traditional public administration predates new public management, which in turn predates public value management. What did he say about the transitions between these paradigms?
a)
The shifts from one paradigm to another were radical and disruptive.
b)
The relationship between the paradigms is complex, as previous arrangements have not given way to a finally formed new period.
c)
The shifts are induced by the private sector, which has a larger innovative capacity compared to the government.
b
Explain how the different systems of public administration transitioned.
Relationship between them is complex. Previous things still are there and will coexist with new systems/arrangements.
Examples of traditional public administration, new public management and new public governance or network governance.
TPA:
response to first COVID 19 outbreak
NPM
* splitting Dutch Railways and ProRail
NPG
* Transition Towns
* Particpatory plans citizen initiatives
Why is new public governance also called network governance?
Because we can now add networks with different actors in society to make policies. actors in governance have relationships and form social networks.
Public processes are strictly phased in time. Why is this not always in line with reality?
Because there are different networks and actors that have a say in things. There is a hierarchy in the market. Different stakeholders that have a say in things.
What are institutions?
Multiple things to be honest:
* a) the formal constraints such as laws or contracts that shape human interaction
b) the organization of government and society
c) a set of ‘rules in use’ that guide human behavior
Sets of rules that work as a way to perceive our environment and the manner in which we act. They represent power relationships and control systems.
What is Institutional design according to Alexander 2005?
thedevising and realization of rules, procedures andorganizationalstructuresthatwillenableandconstrainbehaviorandaction, to accord with held values, achieve desired objectives, or execute given tasks.
Explain how institutions evolve over time due to the hallway narrative example
In the hallway people discuss how certain processes go and talk about their (dis)satisfaction of it. Contexts change, informal practices are modified to fit new circumstances. Practices form the foundation upon which formal arrangements are developed –> new rules.
